Paaskedjurhuus4117

Despite the availability of effective asthma treatments, some patients are poorly controlled due to over-reliance on short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) and underuse of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). To identify patient characteristics and outcomes associated with SABA over-reliance and ICS underuse, we conducted a targeted literature review of the quantitative evidence on asthma medication use. Articles evaluating SABA and/or ICS use in asthma patients (aged ≥12 years), published between January 2012 and March 2018 were identified using MEDLINE and EMBASE. We observed that studies classified SABA usage as 'overuse', 'high use', 'excess use', 'extreme overuse', 'suboptimal use', and 'inappropriate use'. Multiple thresholds were used to define overuse of SABA (≥3 to ≥12 canisters/year). SABA over-reliance was prevalent, with approximately 20% of adults using ≥3 canisters/year (≥12 inhalations/week). Similarly, inappropriate ICS use, classified as 'suboptimal', 'high use', 'underuse', and 'unlicensed use', was defined by varying thresholds. Specific patient populations, such as older adults, smokers, and patients with low income, were more susceptible to SABA over-reliance and ICS underuse. Over-reliance on SABAs was associated with increased risk of severe exacerbations, asthma-related hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and asthma-related costs. see more These findings emphasize the prevalence and related burden of SABA over-reliance at the potential expense of appropriate ICS use. BACKGROUND Although the clinical hair changes that occur under treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are documented, their trichoscopic features have not been reported. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the trichoscopic findings in scalp and facial hair, induced by EGFRI-treatment. METHODS Patients treated with EGFRIs at a tertiary onco-dermatology clinic in 2015-2017 were evaluated for macroscopic and trichoscopic changes. RESULTS The cohort included 23 patients (13 women, median age 68 years) treated with EGFRIs for an average of 13 months (range 2-40). Macroscopically, 18 patients (78%) had dry, lusterless, coarse, kinky, brittle scalp hair, and 17 (74%) had trichomegaly of the eyebrows/eyelashes. Trichoscopic findings were of hair shaft-anomalies including pili torti, affecting scalp hair in 20 patients (87%), eyebrows in 6 (26%), and eyelashes in 8 (50%), and asymmetric-hyperpigmented fusiform widening of hair scalp in 3 (13%), eyebrows in 10 (43%), and eyelashes in 4 (25%). Dermoscopic findings of the peri-and inter-follicular skin were scale, whitish-erythematous structureless areas, and branching-vessels. LIMITATIONS Lack of trichoscopic-histologic correlation, lack of baseline examination. CONCLUSION The trichoscopic correlates of the macroscopic hair changes under EFGRI-treatment include pili torti, and asymmetric -hyperpigmented fusiform widening, with dermoscopic cutaneous manifestations of scale, whitish-erythematous structureless areas, and branching vessels. The recognition by specific T helper cells of viral antigenic peptides complexed with HLA class II molecules exposed on the surface of antigen presenting cells is the first step of the complex cascade of immunological events that generates the protective cellular and humoral immune responses. The HLA class II-restricted helper immune response is critical in the control and the clearance of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection, a pathogen with severe health risk in pediatric, immunocompromised and elderly populations. In this study, a mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify HRSV ligands bound to HLA-DP class II molecules present on the surface of HRSV-infected cells. Among the thousands of cellular peptides bound to HLA class II proteins in the virus-infected cells, sixty-four naturally processed viral ligands, most of them included in complex nested set of peptides, were identified bound to HLA-DP molecules. These viral ligands arose from five of six major structural HRSV proteins attachment, fusion, matrix, nucleoprotein, and phosphoprotein. In contrast, no HLA-DP ligands were identified from polymerase protein, the largest HRSV protein that includes half of the viral proteome. These findings have important implications for analysis of the helper immune response as for antiviral vaccine design. SIGNIFICANCE The existence of a supertype including five alleles that bind a peptide repertoire very similar make HLA-DP class II molecules an interesting target for the design of vaccines. Here, we analyze the HLA-DP-restricted peptide repertoire against the human respiratory syncytial virus, a pathogen that represents a high health risk in infected pediatric, immunocompromised and elderly populations. This repertoire is focused on major structural proteins with the exception of the viral polymerase. V.Acute lung injury (ALI) is the most common remote organ complication induced by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Almost 60-70% SAP-induced deaths are caused by ALI. Efficient clinical therapeutic strategy for SAP-induced ALI is still lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that Emodin (EMO) can significantly alleviate SAP-induced ALI. We investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of EMO by proteomic analysis, which indicates that EMO protects lung tissue against SAP-ALI by negative regulation of endopeptidase activity and inhibition of collagen-containing extracellular matrix degradation. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed Lamc2, Serpina1 and Serpinb1 play important roles in the above pathways. This study elucidates the possible mechanism and suggests the candidacy of EMO in the clinical treatment of SAP-ALI. SIGNIFICANCE ALI is a major leading cause of death in SAP. DEX is the standard of care drug for treatment of SAP-ALI, but often associated with inevitable side effects. In the present study, EMO was demonstrated to greatly alleviate the lung injury induced by SAP. Through proteomic analysis, the recovered protein profiles in response to EMO treatment in SAP-ALI rat models was obtained, among which Lamc2, Serpina1 and Serpinb1 were discovered as crucial regulatory proteins in SAP-ALI disease. Our study provides the underlying mechanisms and novel targets of EMO protective effect against SAP-ALI.