Ovesenstarr4592

We investigated the extent to which the facultative air-breathing fish, the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), uses air-breathing to cope with aquatic hypercarbia, and how air-breathing is influenced by the experimental exposure protocol and level of hypercarbia. We exposed individuals to severe aquatic hypercarbia (up to Pw CO2  = 81 mmHg) using step-wise and progressive exposure protocols while measuring gill ventilation rate, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and air-breathing frequency, as well as arterial blood pH and PCO2 . We confirm that P. hypophthalmus is tolerant of hypercarbia. Under both protocols gill ventilation rate, heart rate, and mean arterial blood pressure were maintained near control levels even at very high CO2 levels. We observed a marked amount of individual variation in the PwCO2 at which air-breathing was elicited, with some individuals not responding at all. The experimental protocol also influenced the onset of air-breathing. Air-breathing began at lower Pw CO2 in the step-wise protocol (23 ± 4.1 mmHg) compared with the progressive protocol (46 ± 7.8 mmHg). Air-breathing was often followed by aquatic surface respiration, at higher PCO2 (71 ± 5.2 mmHg) levels. On average, the blood PCO2 was approximately 43% lower (46 ± 2.5 mmHg) than water Pw CO2 (~81 mmHg) at our highest tested CO2 level. While this suggests that aerial CO2 elimination is an effective, and perhaps critical, respiratory strategy used by P. hypophthalmus to cope with severe hypercarbia, this observation may also be explained by a long lag time required for equilibration.

Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor and surgery is the main treatment modality. As death from lack of tumor control is rare, other outcome measures like anxiety, depression and post-operative epilepsy are becoming increasingly relevant. In this nationwide registry-based study we aimed to describe the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED), antidepressants and sedatives before and after surgical treatment of an intracranial meningioma compared to a control population, and to provide predictors for continued use of each drug-group two years after surgery.

All adult patients with histopathologically verified intracranial meningiomas were identified in the Swedish Brain Tumor Registry and their data were linked to relevant national registries after assigning five matched controls to each patient. JHU-083 We analyzed the prescription patterns of antiepileptic drugs (AED), antidepressants and sedative drugs in the two years before and the two years following surgery.

For the 2070 patients and 10312 conts with meningioma started perioperatively, and remained elevated two years following surgery.

Our aim in this study was to assess the effect of the Predictive Intelligent Control of Oxygenation (PRICO

) system on cerebral (rSO

C) and splanchnic (rSO

S) oxygenation in a cohort of preterm infants with frequent desaturations.

Twenty infants with gestational age <32 weeks (n = 20) were assigned in random sequence to 12 h of automated or manual adjustment of FiO

. Overthis period, they were studied continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

We found that rSO

C [68.0% (60.5%-74.7%) vs.68.5% (62%-72%); p = .824] and rSO

S [27.0% (17.3%-45.7%) vs.27.0% (15%-53%); p = .878] were similar during automatic and manual control of FiO

. Time spent with SpO

90%-95% was higher during the automatic than manual control of FiO

, while time spent with SpO

<80% or >95% was lower.

Automated control of FiO

with PRICO

system did not improve brain and splanchnic oxygenation in comparison with manual control in a cohort of preterm infants, but it significantly decreased SpO

fluctuations and limited the duration of both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia.

Automated control of FiO2 with PRICO® system did not improve brain and splanchnic oxygenation in comparison with manual control in a cohort of preterm infants, but it significantly decreased SpO2 fluctuations and limited the duration of both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia.Within this work, we demonstrate the influences of different microgrooved surface topographies on the alignment and spreading of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells and present the optimal parameters for an improved soft-tissue integration design for dental implant abutments for the first time. Microgrooves with lateral widths from 2.5 to 75 μm were fabricated by UV-lithography and wet etching on bulk Ti6Al4V ELI material. The microstructured surfaces were compared to polished and ground surfaces as current state of the art. The resulting microtopographies were analyzed using vertical scanning interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. Samples loaded with HGF cells were incubated for 8 and 72 hr and cell orientation, spreading, resulting area, and relative gene expression were analyzed. The effect of contact guidance occurred on all microstructured surfaces yet there is a clear preferable range for the lateral widths of the microgrooves between approx. 11.5 and 13.9 μm and depths between 1.6 and 2.4 μm for an abutment surface design, where cell orientation and spreading maximizes. For structures larger than 30 μm, cell orientation, spreading and even gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and yes-associated protein decrease.

Respiratory motion models establish a correspondence between respiratory-correlated (RC) 4-dimensional (4D) imaging and respiratory surrogates, to estimate time-resolved (TR) 3D breathing motion. To evaluate the performance of motion models on real patient data, a validation framework based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is proposed, entailing the use of RC 4DMRI to build the model, and on both (i) TR 2D cine-MRI and (ii) additional 4DMRI data for testing intra-/inter-fraction breathing motion variability.

Repeated MRI data were acquired in 7 patients with abdominal lesions. The considered model relied on deformable image registration (DIR) for building the model and compensating for inter-fraction baseline variations. Both 2D and 3D validation were performed, by comparing model estimations with the ground truth 2D cine-MRI and 4DMRI respiratory phases, respectively.

The median DIR error was comparable to the voxel size (1.33×1.33×5 mm

), with higher values in the presence of large inter-fraction motion (median value 2.