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nd therefore, early reoperation can be considered to improve the outcome of children with recurrent MB.

To study the clinical features of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children with neuromuscular disease (NMD).

A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 18 children who were diagnosed with NMD and underwent polysomnography (PSG) (NMD group). Eleven children without NMD who had abnormal sleeping habit and normal sleep structure on PSG were enrolled as the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of the daily and nocturnal symptoms of SDB, incidence rate of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), pulmonary function, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO

), features of sleep structure, and sleep respiratory events.

In the NMD group, 16 children (89%) had related daily and nocturnal symptoms of SDB, and the youngest age was 1 year at the onset of such symptoms. Compared with the control group, the NMD group had significant reductions in total sleep time and sleep efficiency (

< 0.05), a significant reduction in the proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (

< 0.05), significant increases in obstructive apnea and hypopnea events (

< 0.05) and oxygen reduction events during REM sleep (

< 0.05), and a significant reduction in blood oxygen saturation during REM sleep (

< 0.05). In the NMD group, 17 children (94%) were diagnosed with OSA, and all children had normal lung function and PetCO

.

There is a high proportion of children with SDB among the children with NMD, and SDB can be observed in the early stage of NMD, which results in the damage of sleep structure and the reduction in sleep efficiency. Respiratory events are mainly obstructive events, and oxygen reduction events are mainly observed during REM sleep.

There is a high proportion of children with SDB among the children with NMD, and SDB can be observed in the early stage of NMD, which results in the damage of sleep structure and the reduction in sleep efficiency. Respiratory events are mainly obstructive events, and oxygen reduction events are mainly observed during REM sleep.

To study the clinical features of children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and the significance of Brighton criteria in childhood GBS.

A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 72 children with GBS. Brighton criteria were used for the grading of diagnostic certainty (level 1 as the highest level, and level 4 as the lowest level). A Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of auxiliary examinations with the level of diagnostic certainty of Brighton criteria.

A total of 72 children with GBS were enrolled, with a mean age of onset of (98±32) months. All children (100%, 72/72) had weakness of bilateral limbs and disappearance or reduction of tendon reflex, and limb weakness reached the highest level of severity within 4 weeks. Of all the 72 children, 68 (94%) had positive results of neural electrophysiological examination and 51 (71%) had positive results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, and the positive rate of neural electrophysiological exasults of CSF examination and neural electrophysiological examination play an important role in improving the level of diagnostic certainty of Brighton criteria. Neural electrophysiological examination has a higher positive rate than CSF examination in the early stage of the disease.

To study the intellectual characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental dyslexia (DD).

A total of 55 children with ADHD and DD (ADHD+DD group), 150 children with ADHD alone (ADHD group), and 22 children with DD alone (DD group) were enrolled as subjects. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) was used to evaluate and compare intellectual characteristics among the three groups.

There were significant differences in the scores of full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), verbal comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index, and working memory index among the three groups (

< 0.05)the ADHD+DD group had significantly lower scores of FSIQ, verbal comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index, and working memory index than the ADHD group, as well as a significantly lower FSIQ score than the DD group. A comparison of the 10 core subtests in WISC-IV showed that compared with the ADHD group, the ADHD+DD group had significantld DD in clinical practice.

To study the clinical features of children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome, a polygenic and multifactorial autoinflammatory disease with unknown pathogenesis.

A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 13 children with PFAPA syndrome.

All 13 children had disease onset within the age of 3 years, with a mean age of onset of (14±10) months. Olaparib molecular weight They all had periodic fever, with 8-18 attacks each year. The mean interictal period of fever was (30±5) days. Pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, and aphthous stomatitis were the three cardinal symptoms, with incidence rates of 100% (13/13), 85% (11/13), and 38% (5/13) respectively. There were increases in white blood cells, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during fever. Of all the 13 children, 6 underwent whole exome sequencing and 7 underwent panel gene detection for autoinflammatory disease, and the results showed single heterozygous mutations in the

gene in 6 children (46%)y indices, and good response to glucocorticoids, PFAPA syndrome should be considered. This disorder has good prognosis, and early diagnosis can avoid the long-term repeated use of antibiotics.

To study the effect of pertussis vaccination on the clinical manifestations of infants and young children with pertussis.

A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the differences in clinical manifestations and peripheral blood cell levels between pertussis children with different pertussis vaccination status.

A total of 1 083 children with pertussisat at age of < 3 years were enrolled, with 551 children in the unvaccinated group and 532 in the vaccinated group. Of all the children, 392 had an age of onset of < 3 months (372 were unvaccinated and 20 were vaccinated) and 691 children had an age of onset of ≥ 3 months (179 were unvaccinated and 512 were vaccinated). Compared with the vaccinated group, the unvaccinated group had a longer length of hospital stay and a higher incidence rate of respiratory failure (

< 0.05). Among the children ≥ 3 months of age, the incidence of severe pneumonia in the unvaccinated group was higher than that in the vaccinated group (

< 0.05), and the incidence of severe pneumonia was the highest in the unvaccinated group (10.