Outzensimon5313

Copyright © 2020 Firkins, Yu, Park and Plank.Aims To investigate the impact of thinning at individual grids of macular neuroretinal layers, clinical factors, and inadequate light exposure on the specific components of sleep disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods One hundred twenty-four patients with type 2 diabetes without clinical evidences of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy (HbA1c 8.3%, diabetes duration; 8.7 years) and 54 age- and sex-matched control subjects (HbA1c 5.6%) underwent detailed clinical, neurological, and ophthalmological examinations. The sleep disorder was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Japanese Version (PSQI-J). The temporal structures of daily life were assessed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire Japanese Version. read more The thickness at nine grids defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study of nine macular neuroretinal layers was determined by swept-source optical coherence tomography and OCT-Explorer. The associations between the individual components of sleep disorders and the thickness actively. Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes, the thinning at grids of the inner plexiform layer and outer retinal layers was associated with the high scores of specific components of the sleep disorder. The sleep disorder was also related to hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inappropriate light exposure. Copyright © 2020 Ishibashi and Tavakoli.Aim Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals have attracted broad attention. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of serum thyroid hormones in different metabolic phenotypes of obesity. Methods The study included 1,023 community-based euthyroid subjects (age range 27-81 years), of whom 586 were women. Fat% was detected by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Two definitions of obesity were applied as follows (1) fat% ≥ 25% for men and ≥ 30% for women; (2) body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. According to the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome by the Chinese Diabetes Society, metabolically unhealthy was defined as two or more components of metabolic syndrome, excluding waist circumference. Serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The proportions of obesity defined by fat% and BMI were 41.3 and 27.1%, respectively. The proportion of metabolically unhealthy was 41.6%. After adjusting for age and gender, regardless of the definitions based on fat% or BMI, FT3 was positively related to both the MHO and the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) phenotypes [MHO odds ratio (OR)s = 1.676 based on fat% and 2.055 based on BMI; MUO ORs = 1.818 based on fat% and 1.526 based on BMI; all P less then 0.05]; FT4 was negatively related to the MUO phenotype (ORs = 0.870 based on fat% and 0.849 based on BMI, all P less then 0.05); FT3/FT4 was also positively related to both the MHO and the MUO phenotypes (MHO ORs = 1.678 based on fat% and 2.825 based on BMI; MUO ORs = 2.866 based on fat% and 2.883 based on BMI; all P less then 0.05); and TSH was positively related to the metabolically unhealthy non-obese phenotype (ORs = 1.329 based on fat% and 1.321 based on BMI, all P less then 0.01). Conclusions In euthyroid population, both the MHO and the MUO phenotypes were characterized by increased FT3 and FT3/FT4 levels. Copyright © 2020 Nie, Ma, Xu, Shen, Wang and Bao.Purpose The aim of the present prospective follow-up study was to explore the early indicators of hypothyroidism and the final changes in thyroid volume in subacute thyroiditis (SAT) patients. Methods We enrolled 61 SAT patients and followed them up for 2 years to assess the incidence of hypothyroidism and changes in thyroid volume. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for data analysis. Results During the 2 years follow-up period, we found that the volumes of the thyroid gland in SAT patients at 1 and 2 years were significantly smaller than those in the healthy control group, which were significantly smaller compared to the initial thyroid volumes after SAT onset (p less then 0.001). Also, the thyroid volumes of SAT patients with hypothyroidism were significantly smaller than those of SAT patients without hypothyroidism. The early maximum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values (within 3 months after SAT onset) were closely related to the incidence of hypothyroidism at 2 years. The OR value was 1.18 (95% CI = 1.01-1.38, p = 0.032). The early maximum TSH value had a maximum area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.866 for the development of hypothyroidism 2 years after SAT onset vs. euthyroidism (p less then 0.001). Conclusions The thyroid volumes of patients increased significantly after the onset of SAT, while during the follow-up these volumes decreased; the thyroid volumes at 1 and 2 years were significantly smaller than those of normal healthy subjects, especially in SAT patients with hypothyroidism. Furthermore, the early maximum TSH value could be used as an effective indicator of the development of hypothyroidism 2 years after the onset of SAT. Copyright © 2020 Zhao, Wang, Cui, Huang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Wan, Li, Shan and Teng.Objectives To investigate the relationship between probable rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) and cognitive/motor impairments in a community-dwelling population and explore the moderating effects of education. Methods In this cross-sectional study of the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging II (BLSA II), 4,477 subjects (≥55 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. pRBD was determined by the RBD Questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to test the global cognitive performance. Walking speed was used to measure motor function. Logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between pRBD and cognitive/motor impairments and the moderating effects of education. Results There were 147 participants (3.3%) with pRBD. Participants with pRBD showed increased risks for cognitive impairment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.88, 95% CI 1.24-2.85, p = 0.003], decreased gait speed (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.02-2.01, p = 0.03), but not for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (measured by MoCA OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.68-1.50, p = 0.95; measured by MMSE OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.59-1.37, p = 0.62). Education modified the effect of pRBD on MCI (measured by MoCA p less then 0.001; measured by MMSE p = 0.061) and gait speed (p = 0.008). Conclusions Our findings suggest that pRBD increases the risk of cognitive/motor impairments for a community-dwelling older population, and education could alleviate the negative effects. These findings implicate that education may have beneficial effects on delaying the onset of cognitive/motor decline in pRBD subjects. Copyright © 2020 Chen, Chen, Xu, Qiao, Wang, Ji, Gu, Chhetri and Chan.Background Recent studies of botulinum toxin for post-stroke spasticity indicate potential benefits of early treatment (i. e., first 6 months) in terms of developing hypertonicity, pain and passive function limitations. This non-interventional, longitudinal study aimed to assess the impact of disease duration on the effectiveness of abobotulinumtoxinA treatment for upper limb spasticity. Methods The early-BIRD study (NCT01840475) was conducted between February 2013 and 2018 in 43 centers across Germany, France, Austria, Netherlands and Switzerland. Adult patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity undergoing routine abobotulinumtoxinA treatment were followed for up to four treatment cycles. Patients were categorized by time from stroke event to first botulinum toxin-A treatment in the study (as defined by the 1st and 3rd quartiles time distribution) into early-, medium- and late- start groups. We hypothesized that the early-start group would show a larger benefit (decrease) as assessed by the modified Ash of reduction in MAS scores. Copyright © 2020 Wissel, Fheodoroff, Hoonhorst, Müngersdorf, Gallien, Meier, Hamacher, Hefter, Maisonobe and Koch.Objective The objectives of this work were to identify the characteristics of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and further verify the electrophysiological exclusion criteria of ALS. Methods A total of 150 patients with ALS who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2015 to December 2018 were enrolled. Clinical and electrophysiological data of the enrolled patients were collected. The differences in the amplitudes of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) between the trapezius muscle (Trap) and the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) in low-frequency RNS were compared. Furthermore, we analyzed the associations between decremental responses and gender, onset age, duration of disease, onset site, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), disease progression rate, and CMAP amplitude. Results A significant decrement (≥20%) in at least one muscle was observed in 11.3% of the ALS patients, while decrements (≥10%) in at least one muscle were observed in 41.3%. The decremental percentage in the trapezius muscle was significantly higher than that in the abductor digiti minimi (P 20% in RNS as a diagnostic exclusion criterion for ALS. link2 Copyright © 2020 Shang, Chu and Lu.Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioral changes, language abnormality, as well as executive function deficits and motor impairment. In about 30-50% of FTLD patients, an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance was found with major mutations in the MAPT, GRN, and the C9orf72 repeat expansion. These mutations could lead to neurodegenerative pathology years before clinical symptoms onset. With potential disease-modifying treatments that are under development, non-invasive biomarkers that help determine the early brain changes in presymptomatic FTLD patients will be critical for tracking disease progression and enrolling the right participants into the clinical trials at the right time during the disease course. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that a number of imaging biomarkers show the abnormalities during the presymptomatic stage. Imaging biomarkers of presymptomatic familial FTLD may provide insight into the underlying neurodegeneratid sensitivity for accurate prediction of symptom onset and tracking disease progression during the presymptomatic stage when clinical measures are not useful. Furthermore, identifying imaging biomarkers for the presymptomatic stage is important for the design of disease-modifying trials. We review the recent progress in imaging biomarkers of the presymptomatic phase of familial FTLD and discuss the imaging techniques and analysis methods, with a focus on the potential implication of these imaging techniques and their utility in specific mutation types. Copyright © 2020 Chen and Kantarci.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive disease characterized by partially irreversible chronic airflow limitation. Current literature highlights that COPD patients also have an increased risk to develop Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. link3 Chronic patients with cognitive impairment experience a worsening of health-related quality of life, mainly because it could affect treatment self-management, medication adherence and personal independence. Moreover, they also report high levels of anxiety and depression, which are associated with disease severity, poor quality of life, poor adherence to rehabilitation programs and difficulties in self-management. In current literature, there is a lack of studies describing simultaneously the associations between cognitive impairment, dysfunctional psychosocial factors, self-management abilities and their impact on pharmacological/non-pharmacological adherence. Therefore, the aim of the present short review is to describe the implications of cognitive impairment and psychosocial factors for clinical practice and disease management in COPD patients.