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ty to improve family-centered communication; what patients and their families find useful and appreciate will ultimately determine their success.

To gain further insight into Irish medical students' and interns' specialty preferences and explore the various factors that influence choice of specialty with a focus on radiology.

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted of medical students and interns enrolled at a single Irish institution. Survey topics included specialty preferences, associated influential factors, exposure to radiology to date, and respondents' interest in and understanding of radiology.

Cardiology, emergency medicine, and paediatrics had the highest overall interest levels, with 27.0% (n=133/492) of all participants declaring an interest in radiology. The most frequently selected reason for considering radiology as a specialty was the varied nature of the field. Men reported considering a career in radiology more often than women (x

(1, n=433)=9.464, p=0.002) and non-European respondents considered radiology less often than their Irish and European peers (x

(1, n=436)=7.510, p=0.006). While there was no significant assoed means of steering more students and interns towards the underserved discipline.

The physiological increase of mesenteric blood flow after a meal is impaired in patients with occlusive chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). This principle could be used to develop a highly desired diagnostic test assessing the sufficiency of the collateral mesenteric circulation. This study assesses the potential to identify CMI patients using two-dimensional time-resolved phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (2D PC-MRI) flow measurements.

This prospective cohort study included patients with suspected CMI, based on typical history, imaging, and functional testing. Cardiac gated 2D PC-MRI flow measurements (expressed as ml/min/kg) were performed in mesenteric arteries and veins during inspiration and expiration, after six hours of fasting and 20, 30, and 40min after a meal challenge with a high caloric drink.

Flow measurements were obtained in 19 patients 8 CMI and 11 non-CMI. CMI patients showed a significantly smaller increase in postprandial blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) at 30 and 40min (30min CMI 1.27(0.12-2.44) vs. non-CMI 7.82(6.28-10.90); 40min CMI 0.30(-0.26-3.16) vs. non-CMI 7.94(6.32-10.90)) and a lower total arterial flow at 40min (CMI 3.21(-0.72-5.05) vs. OSMI-1 inhibitor non-CMI 9.31(5.58-13.83)). Repeated flow measurements showed normalization of impaired postprandial venous flow after mesenteric artery stenting in one patient.

The significantly lower increase in postprandial mesenteric blood flow in CMI patients confirms the promise of mesenteric blood flow measurements, before and 30-40min after a meal, as a future diagnostic test to identify CMI patients among patients with a high clinical suspicion of CMI and mesenteric artery stenosis.

The significantly lower increase in postprandial mesenteric blood flow in CMI patients confirms the promise of mesenteric blood flow measurements, before and 30-40 min after a meal, as a future diagnostic test to identify CMI patients among patients with a high clinical suspicion of CMI and mesenteric artery stenosis.Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is emerging as one of the most promising methods for the degradation of recalcitrant per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water and wastewater, as these compounds cannot be effectively treated with conventional bio- or chemical approaches. This review examines the state of the art of EO for PFASs destruction, and comprehensively compares operating parameters and treatment performance indicators for both synthetic and real contaminated water and wastewater media. The evaluation shows the need to use environmentally-relevant media to properly quantify the effectiveness/efficiency of EO for PFASs treatment. Additionally, there is currently a lack of quantification of sorption losses, resulting in a likely over-estimation of process' efficiencies. Furthermore, the majority of experimental results to date indicate that short-chain PFASs are the most challenging and need to be prioritized as environmental regulations become more stringent. Finally, and with a perspective towards practical implementation, several operational strategies are proposed, including processes combining up-concentration followed by EO destruction.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked the third driving reason for cancer death in the world. Surgery and chemotherapy have long been the first choices for cancer patients. However, the prognosis of CRC has never been satisfying, necessitating new effective treatment strategies. In our previous study, we synthesized compound5othat showed high anticancer potential with a 6-acrylic phenethyl ester-2-pyranone backbone, but its mechanism of action (MOA) is not understood. To articulate the MOA of 5o against colon cancer, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect of compound5oon CRC cells by cell proliferation assays. The MOA of5owas explored through cell cycle assays and apoptosis assays. The target of 5o was identified by molecular dynamic assays, ATPase assays, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. We discovered 5o, a compound capable of inhibiting CRC cell proliferation with 1/25 folds in IC50 values compared with NCM460 cells (normal human colonic epithelial cell line). 5o induces cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner through PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, 5o arrests cell cycle at G2/M by regulating MAPKs (ERK1/2 and p38) pathway. We further confirmed that 5o inhibits ATPase activity of GRP94 (Glucose-regulated protein 94) with the IC50 1.45 ± 0.06 μM. Compound 5o inhibits GRP94 to trigger regulation of PI3K/Akt and MAPKs pathways. This study reveals that 5o is a promising therapeutic agent against CRC as a novel GRP94 inhibition.Inverse Kinematics (IK) is an optimisation to estimate joint angles from motion capture data, where marker trajectories and weighting strategies determine the outcome. Skin-mounted markers are subject to Soft Tissue Artefact (STA), particularly thigh markers. Our first aim was to test the effect of neglecting thigh markers on IK results across different markersets. Our second aim was to investigate inter-markerset differences using varying weighting strategies. Twenty participants participated in a treadmill walking motion capture session. Inverse kinematic analysis was performed using three markersets, termed Contemporary (segment clusters), NoThigh (Contemporary without thigh markers), and Traditional (modified Helen Hayes). Seven weighting schemes were used with varying magnitudes with each markerset. Joint angles (comprising tri-planar hip angles, and sagittal knee and ankle angles) were compared across all three conditions. NoThigh and Traditional generated joint angle results that differed from the Contemporary markerset by a median of 1.2° and 1.5°, respectively. Non-sagittal hip angles differed the most. Most average joint angle differences were smaller than previously-estimated STA error. NoThigh generated less difference from Contemporary than Traditional for the hip and knee joints. Intuitively, weighting strategies that heavily favour shared markers resulted in IK results with closer inter-markerset agreement. Thigh markers can be neglected without introducing more error than STA, and different markersets (with validation) can be compared against each other when using strategic weighting. This creates new research pathways for collaboration and data re-use, as well as freeing researchers (and participants) of their attachment to thigh markers.Chiari malformation is characterised by the herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. However, tonsillar herniation and other 2D morphometric measurements of the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) have a weak association with patients' symptoms and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to contrast current 2D metrics with a novel 3D shape analysis of the PCF and the hindbrain, to determine if 3D measurements provides further insight into the pathophysiology of Chiari. The cranium of 12 controls and 21 Chiari malformation patients with (N = 9) and without (N = 12) a syrinx were scanned. The morphology of the PCF was quantified with typical 2D measurements. Additionally, a correspondence-based shape model that normalised the PCF volume, was used to find 3D differences in the shape of the PCF, and the distance of the hindbrain from the inner surfaces of the PCF. Shape analysis showed that, compared to controls, the caudal (p = 0.007; 2.3 mm, IQR 1.6-3.3 mm) and anterior (p = 0.027; 1.3 mm,IQR 1.1-1.6 mm) surfaces of the hindbrain were closer to the PCF in patients with and without a syrinx, respectively. However, there were negligible differences in the shape of the PCF between patient groups (p > 0.39). Current morphometric measures should be normalised for variation in PCF volume, so that shape measures are not biased. The reduced CSF space between the hindbrain and PCF will alter CSF dynamics, which may compress cerebellar vasculature and contribute to patient symptomatology.Prior studies have demonstrated Finite Element (FE) analysis is a useful tool when analysing the complex interplay of tissue and body loads which act through the human pelvis in a subject lying supine. The computational accuracy and efficiency of FE models that contain complex non-linear geometric interfaces between different anatomical and tissue regions can be compromised by superfluous node interactions and contact penetrations. This study proposes a method for the development of efficient contact definitions using shared topology. The Shared Topology Finite Element Model (FEM) resulted in a 37% reduction in solution time compared to an equivalent FEM defined with Bonded contact. At all tissue interfaces, contact penetration occurred in the Bonded FEM, with subsequent under-prediction of peak compressive strains and stresses by 1-7% compared to the Shared Topology FEM. Simulating supine lying of a 19-year-old male, the Shared Topology FEM predicted peak compressive stress in the muscle interfacing the sacrum of 29.4 kPa, and peak compressive strain of 50%. The proposed methodology can be applied for any medical imaging derived FEM where there are multiple congruent 3D geometries with negligible sliding across interfaces.Novel series of trimethoxy phenyl containing chalcone 3, 5, 6, 7, pyrazoline 4a&b, 9a-h and pyrazole 10a&b scaffolds were designed and synthesized. They were characterized by spectral data and elemental analyses. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. All the target compounds showed COX-2 inhibitory activity over COX-1. Compound 5c was the most active derivative with higher COX-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.039 µM) than celecoxib (IC50 = 0.045 µM), and selectivity index value of 321.28 nearly equal to that of celecoxib (S.I. = 326.66). Four additional derivatives 5a, 6, 8b and 9f exhibited excellent COX-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.041 - 0.049 µM) if compared to the reference drug, celecoxib, with selectivity index values (S.I. = 230.61 - 278.05). Additionally, prolonged in vivo A.I activity was observed in compounds 9e, 9 g, 10a and 10b with % inhibition ranged from 33.21 to 44.52%, after 7 h from carrageenan injection.