Ottesenbak5092

ate cancer.

To assess the long-term outcomes of patients treated for distal hypospadias. Assessment of long-term follow-up for a homogeneous population with hypospadias is difficult and there has consequently been a paucity of publications in this regard.

A retrospective review was carried out to compile cases of distal hypospadias operated at our center between 1990 and 1999 according to the MAGPI procedure. Four parameters were evaluated based on four validated questionnaires Health-related quality of life (SF-36), Genital self-perception (PPS), Self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and Erectile function (IIEF).

A total of 77 patients who had undergone MAGPI surgery for hypospadias during the specified period were selected. Sufficient clinical data were available for 51 patients and only 15 of these patients were included, after a median follow-up of 22 years (20-26). Their outcomes were compared with those for a population of 15 matched circumcised men and 15 matched uncircumcised men. No significant difference was found between the patients and the control groups in terms of the score for quality of life (p=.29). There were, however, significant differences in the scores for self-perception of the penile cosmetic appearance (13.3 vs. 15.8; p<.01), self-esteem (30.6 vs. 35.8; p<.01), and erectile function (31.4 vs. 33.7; p=.04) between the patients and the controls. Lower self-esteem correlated with poor genital self-perception (r =.92).

This study confirms that adult patients operated for distal hypospadias have poor genital self-perception. S63845 cell line This poor genital perception correlated with lower self-esteem.

This study confirms that adult patients operated for distal hypospadias have poor genital self-perception. This poor genital perception correlated with lower self-esteem.

Several lines of experimental evidence have shown that saffron has anticarcinogenic effects. This study aimed at evaluating the possible anticancer effect of saffron stigma aqueous extract on human prostate cancer (PC3) and mouse fibroblast cells (L929) as non-cancerous control cells.

Saffron stigma aqueous extract at concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1600 and 3200 μg/mL were prepared. PC3 and L929 cells were incubated with different concentrations of saffron extracts in different time intervals (24, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours). MTT assay was used for each cell line to investigate the cytotoxic effect of saffron. Morphological alterations were also observed under light inverted microscope.

In fibroblast cell line after 24 hours, Saffron extract did not affect significantly the normal cells and they were intact in morphologic view. After 96 hours in the cells with highest concentration (1600 μg/mL), cell death and cellular form changes as well as severe granulation was observed. In prostate cell line after 24 hours, the only changes were observed in cells with the concentration of 1600 μg/mL. The cells were granulated and the form of the cells were spherule. After 72 hours, in group with the concentration of 1600 μg/mL, severe granulation was observed and the cell count decreased and some cells were dead.

Saffron aqueous extract has an in vitro inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human prostate cell and mouse L929 cells which is dose-dependent.

Saffron aqueous extract has an in vitro inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human prostate cell and mouse L929 cells which is dose-dependent.

To assess migration of urinary stones with ureteral stents in place.

We performed a retrospective analysis of stone characteristics and locations in patients treated with secondary retrograde intrarenal surgery for symptomatic urinary stones at our institution. We analyzed 393 patients with a median age of 53 years and a median stone size of 7 mm. Stone location was assessed at ureteral stent insertion and four weeks later prior to stent removal and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Migration of urinary stones was seen in 33.1% of the patients with an indwelling ureteral stent. Stones with caudal migration were smaller for any given initial position. 7.1% of the stones were located at one of the three sites of narrowing at initial presentation, this percentage increased to 18.8% at the time of stone extraction. Stone composition did not affect stone migration.

Radiographic imaging prior to retrograde intrarenal surgery is recommended due to the migration of urinary stones with indwelling ureteral stents. The most appropriate surgical approach can be devised depending on stone localization.

Radiographic imaging prior to retrograde intrarenal surgery is recommended due to the migration of urinary stones with indwelling ureteral stents. The most appropriate surgical approach can be devised depending on stone localization.

Assessing the societal perspective in economic evaluations of new interventions requires estimates of indirect non-medical costs caused by the disease. Different methods exist for measuring the labor input function as a surrogate for these costs. They rarely specify the effect of health on labor and who gains and who loses money. Social accounting matrix (SAM) is an established framework that evaluates public policies with multiple perspectives that could help.

We evaluated the use of a modified SAM to assess money flows between different economic agents resulting in economic transactions following policy changes of medical interventions.

We compared conventional methods of measuring indirect non-medical costs related to rotavirus vaccination in the Netherlands with a modified SAM framework. To compare the outcome of each method, we calculated returns on investment (ROI) as the net amount of money per euro invested in the vaccine. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out for each method, focusing on critical variables with the largest impact on indirect cost estimates.

The ROI was higher for the modified SAM (1.33) than for the conventional methods assessing income calculations (range -0.178 to 1.22). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed wide distributions in the ROI estimates, with variation in the variable impact on the indirect cost results per method selected.

In contrast to conventional methods, the SAM approach provides detailed and comprehensive assessments of the impact of new interventions on the indirect non-medical costs and the financial interactions between agents, disclosing useful information for different stakeholders.

In contrast to conventional methods, the SAM approach provides detailed and comprehensive assessments of the impact of new interventions on the indirect non-medical costs and the financial interactions between agents, disclosing useful information for different stakeholders.