Osmanparsons2096

Besides, time spent attending interest classes on weekdays had a stronger negative relationship with cognitive ability among students from wealthy families, and time spent watching TV and physical exercise had stronger negative and positive effects on the cognitive ability among students from economically disadvantaged families, respectively. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings regarding the role of extra-curricular activities on adolescent development are discussed.

The majority of childhood deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many of these deaths are avoidable with basic critical care interventions. Quantifying the burden of pediatric critical illness in LMICs is essential for targeting interventions to reduce childhood mortality.

To determine the burden of hospitalization and mortality associated with acute pediatric critical illness in LMICs through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

We will identify eligible studies by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS using MeSH terms and keywords. Results will be limited to infants or children (ages >28 days to 12 years) hospitalized in LMICs and publications in English, Spanish, or French. Publications with non-original data (e.g., comments, editorials, letters, notes, conference materials) will be excluded.

We will include observational studies published since January 1, 2005, that meet all eligibility criteria and for which a full text can be located.

Data extraction will include information related to study characteristics, hospital characteristics, underlying population characteristics, patient population characteristics, and outcomes.

We will extract and report data on study, hospital, and patient characteristics; outcomes; and risk of bias. We will report the causes of admission and mortality by region, country income level, and age. We will report or calculate the case fatality rate (CFR) for each diagnosis when data allow.

By understanding the burden of pediatric critical illness in LMICs, we can advocate for resources and inform resource allocation and investment decisions to improve the management and outcomes of children with acute pediatric critical illness in LMICs.

By understanding the burden of pediatric critical illness in LMICs, we can advocate for resources and inform resource allocation and investment decisions to improve the management and outcomes of children with acute pediatric critical illness in LMICs.What are the challenges ahead and how have we responded so far when it comes to the non-granulomatous systemic vasculitis, characterized mainly by deposits of IgA immune complexes in the endothelium of small blood vessels-IgA vasculitis (IgAV)? That is the question to which we tried to answer. We summarized existing knowledge about epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics, diagnostic tests and therapy in this somewhat neglected entity in pediatric rheumatology. Since etiopathogenesis of IgA vasculitis is complex, with factors other than galactose-deficient IgA1-containing immune complexes also being important, and may involve numerous interactions between environmental and genetic factors, genomics alone cannot explain the entirety of the risk for the disease. The incidence of IgAV and nephritis varies worldwide and may be a consequence of overlapping genetic and environmental factors. In addition to the role of the HLA class II genes, some studies have pointed to the importance of non-HLA genes, and modern geostnfirm a diagnosis of nephritis, even if biopsy findings interpretation is not uniform in clinical practice. Ultimately, this will allow the development of new therapeutic approaches, especially important in the treatment of nephritis, for which there is still no standardized treatment.

This study aims to assess the performance of biomarkers used for the prediction of bacterial, viral, and fungal infection in immunocompromised children upon presentation with fever.

We performed a literature search using PubMed and MEDLINE and In-Process & Other Non-indexed Citations databases. Cohort and case-control studies assessing biomarkers for the prediction of bacterial, viral, or fungal infection in immunocompromised children vs. conventional microbiological investigations were eligible. Studies including adult patients were eligible if pediatric data were separately assessable. Data on definitions used for infections, fever, and neutropenia and predictive values were collected. Risk of bias was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool.

Fifty-two studies involving 13,939 febrile episodes in 7,059 children were included. In total, 92.2% were in cancer patients (

= 48), and 15.7% also included hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients (

= 8). Fortyed biomarkers and clinical decision-making tools.

There is great heterogeneity in the biomarkers studied and cutoff values and definitions used, thus complicating the analysis. Literature for immunocompromised children with non-malignant disease and for non-bacterial infection is sparse. Literature on novel diagnostics was not available. We illustrated the challenges of diagnosing fever adequately in this study population and the need for improved biomarkers and clinical decision-making tools.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) for infantile spasms (IS) in patients with and without different causative genetic mutations.

We retrospectively evaluated the data of 119 infants with IS who underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) before KD treatment. The KD efficacy was analyzed at the 16th week after initiation. Patients showing ≥ 50% seizure reduction from baseline and/or the disappeared hypsarrhythmia were considered as the responders. Chi-squared tests or two-sided Fisher's exact tests were performed for categorical data and Mann-Whitney

-tests for non-parametric and continuous data.

The responder rate to KD in 119 patients was 47.90%. Six different causative monogenic mutations were identified in 32 (26.89%) patients with IS, including

(

= 8),

(

= 3),

(

= 8),

(

= 5),

(

= 4), and

(

= 4). Patients with

mutations showed a significantly better response to KD (87.50%) than patients without

mutations (

= 0.03). Seven of eight patients with

mutations were responders, including five mutations located in functional motifs, and two mutations in the catalytic domain.

KD therapy was effective in infants with IS. Patients with

mutations might have a better response to KD treatment.

KD therapy was effective in infants with IS. Patients with CDKL5 mutations might have a better response to KD treatment.Duodenal duplication is a rare congenital anomaly and may manifest as pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, perforation, and obstruction. Here, we present a case of intraluminal diverticular duodenal duplication (IDDD) in a child with recurrent abdominal pain caused by a large hole-like structure in the duodenal bulb. This condition has rarely been reported. An 11-year-old boy presented with recurrent attacks of abdominal pain. Upper endoscopy examination and barium swallowing led to an initial diagnosis of IDDD; this diagnosis was confirmed by operative findings and histopathological signs. He underwent a subtotal excision and duodenal anastomosis. No serious complications occurred following treatment. The patient was followed up for 8 months, and his condition improved without symptoms.

Electrical biosensing technology (EBT) is an umbrella term for non-invasive technology utilizing the body's fluctuating resistance to electrical current flow to estimate cardiac output. Monitoring cardiac output in neonates may allow for timely recognition of hemodynamic compromise and allow for prompt therapy, thereby mitigating adverse outcomes. For a new technology to be safely used in the clinical environment for therapeutic decisions, it must be proven to be accurate, precise and be able to track temporal changes. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and analyze studies that describe the accuracy, precision, and trending ability of EBT to non-invasively monitor Left ventricular cardiac output and/or stroke volume in neonates.

A qualitative systematic review was performed. Studies were identified from PubMed NCBI, SCOPUS, and EBSCOHost up to November 2021, where EBT technologies were analyzed in neonates, in comparison to a reference technology. Outcome measures were bias, limits of agreeld be used with caution in the neonatal population for monitoring and determining therapeutic interventions. The use of TEBT trend monitoring has not been sufficiently studied and requires further evaluation in future trials.

Overall, TEBT shows reasonable accuracy, poor precision, and non-interchangeability with TTE. SNX-5422 solubility dmso However, high heterogeneity hampered proper analysis. TEBT should be used with caution in the neonatal population for monitoring and determining therapeutic interventions. The use of TEBT trend monitoring has not been sufficiently studied and requires further evaluation in future trials.

The resistance created by the PEEP-valve of a T-piece resuscitator is bias gas flow dependent and might affect breathing in preterm infants. In this study we investigated the effect of a higher bias gas flow on the imposed inspiratory and expiratory T-piece resistance and expiratory breaking manoeuvres (EBM) in preterm infants during spontaneous breathing on CPAP at birth.

In a retrospective pre-post implementation study of preterm infants <32 weeks gestation, who were stabilised with a T-piece resuscitator, a bias gas flow of 12 L/min was compared to 8 L/min. All spontaneous breaths on CPAP within the first 10 min of starting respiratory support were analysed on a breath-by-breath basis to determine the breathing pattern of each breath and to calculate the imposed inspiratory and expiratory T-piece resistance (Ri, Re), flow rates and tidal volume.

In total, 54 infants were included (bias gas flow 12 L/min

= 27, 8 L/min

= 27) with a median GA of 29

(28

-30

) and 28

(25

-30

), respectively (

= 0.182). Ri and Re were significantly lower in the 12 L/min compared to 8 L/min bias flow group [Ri 29.6 (26.1-33.6) vs. 46.4 (43.0-54.1) cm H

O/L/s,

< 0.001; Re 32.0 (30.0-35.1) vs. 48.0 (46.3-53.9) cm H

O/L/s,

< 0.001], while the incidence of EBM [77% (53-88) vs. 77% (58-90),

= 0.586] was similar.

During stabilisation of preterm infants at birth with a T-piece resuscitator, the use of a higher bias gas flow reduced both the imposed inspiratory and expiratory T-piece resistance for the infant, but this did not influence the incidence of EBMs.

During stabilisation of preterm infants at birth with a T-piece resuscitator, the use of a higher bias gas flow reduced both the imposed inspiratory and expiratory T-piece resistance for the infant, but this did not influence the incidence of EBMs.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in the treatment of severe or uncontrolled allergic diseases in children.

We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov databases up to 23rd July 2021, with no language limitations. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing omalizumab with other treatments or placebo in children with severe or inadequately controlled allergic diseases were considered. The primary outcomes of interest were asthma exacerbation rate, allergic symptom score, desensitisation achievement for food allergy (FA), and incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs). The study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two researchers. Quality assessments were conducted using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and data were pooled using a random-effects model if



was 50% or greater in the Cochrane Review Manager.

Overall, 10 RCTs [six on severe asthma, one on atopic dermatitis (AD), one on seasonal allergic rhinitis [SAR], and one on FA] consisting of 2,376 participants met the inclusion criteria.