Osbornmelendez1550

Diagnosis is confirmed with PCR based testing of appropriate respiratory samples. Management is primarily supportive, with newer antivirals (lopinavir ritonavir and Remdesivir) under investigation. Role of steroids is still inconclusive. Standard infection control and prevention techniques should be followed. Vigilant screening of suspected cases and their contacts is important. Isolation of symptomatic cases and home quarantine of asymptomatic contacts is recommended. To conclude, controlling this highly transmissible disease requires international co-ordination. © Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.Background Diagnosis and delay in management of encephalopathy in elderly patients is challenging due to the paucity of presenting symptoms and signs. Methods This was an observational study conducted over a period of one year (1.2.2016 to 31.1.2017) on all elderly patients presenting with encephalopathy. Their demographic profile along with clinical presentation, laboratory, imaging results and final outcome were recorded and analysed. Results There were 251 elderly patients who presented with encephalopathy, 110 (43.82%) of whom were females. Majority of these patients i.e. 186(74.10%) were in the age group of 60-75 years with a mean age of 70.78 years. There were 112 (44.62%) patients who presented to the hospital within 6 hours of commencement of the altered mental status (AMS). Multiple etiologies for encephalopathy were present in 75 (29.88%) patients with the commonest being neurological in 97 (38.65%) patients, infection/sepsis in 92 (36.65%) patients and metabolic in 84 (33.47%) patients. Hyponatremia was the commonest cause of metabolic encephalopathy present in 38(45.24%) patients followed by hypoglycemia in 25 (29.76%) patients. Pneumonia was the commonest infection present in 41 (44.57%) patients. There were 48(19.12%) deaths with 38(79.17%) of them having one or more co-morbidities. Early presentation to hospital (within 6 hours of commencement of symptoms), higher GCS and conscious level at presentation were the good prognostic markers of outcome in these elderly patients. However patients with septic encephalopathy were found to have worst prognosis. Conclusion The common etiologies of encephalopathy in the elderly were neurological (38.65%) followed by infection (36.65%) and metabolic (33.47%). The mortality rate was 19.12%. Seeking medical aid within 6 hours of commencement of altered sensorium along with timely diagnosis could reduce the mortality and improve outcomes. © Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.Introduction Doxycycline acts against a broad range of gram-positive, gramnegative and 'atypical' bacteria as well as some protozoan pathogens such as malaria. In this era of increasing multidrug-resistance, recycling of old antimicrobials should be considered and need more focus in this domain of research. We, therefore, aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commonly isolated pathogens against doxycycline, azithromycin, cefuroxime, and amoxicillin from common clinical specimens by using laboratory-based diagnostic data from western India. Materials and Methods The non-interventional retrospective study was conducted on secondary data extracted from multi-center diagnostic laboratory based in Mumbai, India. Susceptibility data of bacteria isolated from blood, urine, pus, and sputum were used in the study and culture positive samples were segregated. Antimicrobial susceptibility status of doxycycline was checked and compared with azithromycin, cefuroxime, and amoxicillin. Chi-square testhow better activity against isolates which were resistant to other three antimicrobials. © Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.Introduction Cerebrovascular disorders (CVD) are increasing in prevalence and incidence in Indian population. Global burden of disease study shows that of the 9.4 million deaths in India, 619,000 were due to stroke. A matter of concern is that in the last two decades there is a significant increase in prevalence rate of stroke. Aim To find the demographic characteristics along with clinico-radiological profile and of patients presenting with stroke in a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan. Methodology This cross sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months from Aug 2015 to Jan 2016 in a tertiary care hospital .A sample size of 360 patients with aged >18 years were recruited after obtaining written consent from those who attended the medical OPD or were admitted to the government hospital with the newly diagnosed stroke and confirmed by neuroimaging. Result The mean age of stroke in present study was 60.46 ± 14.84 years. The stroke in the young age group defined as 40 years or less comprised only 6%. Hypertension as a risk factor was present in 52.5% of our patients followed by Dyslipidaemia (25.8%). 79.4% had ischemic stroke and 19.4 % haemorrhagic stroke. Supratentorial lesions were seen in 86.4% patients, infratentorial lesions in only 10% anterior circulation strokes (MCA>ACA) are more common than posterior circulation strokes. Motor and sensory symptoms are common in acute strokes rather than change in consciousness or speech abnormalities. 70.2% patients had moderate disability at the end of 28 days. Early presentation to hospital ( less then 3hrs) is associated with better outcome and less morbidity in a stroke patient. © Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.Objectives Vitamin D deficiency is on a rise globally and so are the maternal complications related to it. This deficiency can be easily detected and corrected by simple oral supplementation for a better health outcome in pregnancy. Methods Antenatal women with no history of Vitamin D intake and first antenatal visit at our hospital between 26 to 28 weeks of gestation or after 34 weeks were tested for levels of Vitamin 25(OH)D. Deficient women ( less then 30 ng/ml) between 26 to 28 weeks were supplemented and tested again before delivery (Group A). Deficient women after 34 weeks who did not receive supplementation before delivery constituted Group B. Maternal outcome was noted and compared in both the groups. R406 Results Out of the 189 Vitamin D deficient women included in the study; 105(55.5%) were enrolled in Group A and 84 (44.4%) in Group B. 24 (12.7%) women were severely deficient ( less then 4 ng/ml), 134 (70.9%) were deficient ( less then 20 ng/ml) and 28(14.8%) were vitamin D insufficient (20-30 ng/ml). A statistically significant reduction ( less then 0.