Ortizrubin7356

sulukii was thought to be a more resistant species compared to H. verbana. As secretion areas of secretory cells reacting with PAS and AB stains were generally larger in H. sulukii, it was concluded that mucus composition between the two species has different concentration.

β

-Adrenoceptor agonists are widely used to treat asthma because of their bronchial-dilation effects. We previously reported that isoprenaline, via the apical and basolateral β

-adrenoceptor, induced Cl

secretion by activating cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent pathways in human bronchial epithelia. Despite these results, whether and how the β

-adrenoceptor-mediated cAMP-dependent pathway contributes to pro-inflammatory cytokine release in human bronchial epithelia remains poorly understood.

We investigated β

-adrenoceptor-mediated signaling pathways involved in the production of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, in 16HBE14o-human bronchial epithelia. The effects of isoprenaline or formoterol were assessed in the presence of protein kinase A (PKA), exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), Src, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitors. The involvement of β-arrestin2 was examined using siRNA knockdown.

Isoprenaline and formoterol (both β

to IL-6 release. Therefore, our data reveal that β2-adrenoceptor signaling plays a role in the immune regulation of human airway epithelia.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality post cord blood transplantation (CBT). It has been suggested that the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and immunosuppressants have an impact on CMV infection. This study evaluated the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of CMV infection, while focusing on GVHD and the use of immunosuppressants, in 103 children who had received CBT. Among the patients, 92.2% were positive for CMV serology, while CMV antigenemia was observed in 68.9% and CMV disease developed in 26.2%. CMV enterocolitis was the most common, followed by retinitis and pneumonia. Patients with positive CMV serology and grade II to IV GVHD were independently associated with CMV antigenemia. Recurrent CMV antigenemia was observed significantly more frequently in patients with extensive chronic GVHD. Patients with CMV disease showed significantly worse overall survival, relapse-free survival, and non-relapse mortality than those without CMV disease. In conclusion, CMV infection is common post-CBT in countries with a high rate of CMV seropositivity in the general population and is related to worse outcomes. GVHD severity is associated with the development and recurrence of CMV infection. Thus, efforts need to be made to prevent CMV infection in children post-CBT.Terrestrial ecosystems are typically nitrogen (N) limited, but recent years have witnessed N enrichment in various soil ecosystems caused by human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer application. This enrichment may alter microbial processes in soils in a way that would increase the emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), thereby aggravating global climate change. This review focuses on the effects of N enrichment on methanogens and methanotrophs, which play a central role in the dynamics of CH4 at the global scale. We also address the effects of N enrichment on N2O, which is produced in soils mainly by nitrification and denitrification. Overall, N enrichment inhibits methanogenesis in pure culture experiments, while its effects on CH4 oxidation are more complicated. The majority of previous studies reported that N enrichment, especially NH4+ enrichment, inhibits CH4 oxidation, resulting in higher CH4 emissions from soils. However, both activation and neutral responses have also been reported, particularly in rice paddies and landfill sites, which is well reflected in our meta-analysis. In contrast, N enrichment substantially increases N2O emission by both nitrification and denitrification, which increases proportionally to the amount of N amended. Future studies should address the effects of N enrichment on the active microbes of those functional groups at multiple scales along with parameterization of microbial communities for the application to climate models at the global scale.O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that installs O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to thousands of protein substrates. OGT and its isoforms select from these substrates through the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, yet the impact of truncations to the TPR domain on substrate and glycosite selection is unresolved. Here, we report the effects of iterative truncations to the TPR domain of OGT on substrate and glycosite selection with the model protein GFP-JunB and the surrounding O-GlcNAc proteome in U2OS cells. Iterative truncation of the TPR domain of OGT maintains glycosyltransferase activity but alters subcellular localization of OGT in cells. The glycoproteome and glycosites modified by four OGT TPR isoforms were examined on the whole proteome and a single target protein, GFP-JunB. We found the greatest changes in O-GlcNAc on proteins associated with mRNA splicing processes and that the first four TPRs of the canonical nucleocytoplasmic OGT had the broadest substrate scope. Subsequent glycosite analysis revealed that alteration to the last four TPRs corresponded to the greatest shift in the resulting O-GlcNAc consensus sequence. This dataset provides a foundation to analyze how perturbations to the TPR domain and expression of OGT isoforms affect the glycosylation of substrates, which will be critical for future efforts in protein engineering of OGT, the biology of OGT isoforms, and diseases associated with the TPR domain of OGT.Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a type of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by predominating abnormal promyelocytes with a PML-RARA rearrangement or a variant thereof. BCR-ABL1 rearrangement is an oncogenic event that is usually associated with chronic myeloid leukemia but also occurs in both acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias and in healthy individuals. However, APL with concurrent PML-RARA and BCR-ABL1 rearrangements has rarely been reported. Herein, we describe a patient with APL exhibiting a BCR-ABL1 rearrangement in a minor clone and discuss the importance of evaluating this genetic alteration in terms of pathogenesis and treatment.Erythropoietin enhances oxygen delivery and reduces hypoxia-induced cell death, but its pro-thrombotic activity is problematic for use of erythropoietin in treating hypoxia. We constructed a fusion protein that stimulates red blood cell production and neuroprotection without triggering platelet production, a marker for thrombosis. The protein consists of an anti-glycophorin A nanobody and an erythropoietin mutant (L108A). The mutation reduces activation of erythropoietin receptor homodimers that induce erythropoiesis and thrombosis, but maintains the tissue-protective signaling. The binding of the nanobody element to glycophorin A rescues homodimeric erythropoietin receptor activation on red blood cell precursors. In a cell proliferation assay, the fusion protein is active at 10-14 M, allowing an estimate of the number of receptor-ligand complexes needed for signaling. This fusion protein stimulates erythroid cell proliferation in vitro and in mice, and shows neuroprotective activity in vitro. Our erythropoietin fusion protein presents a novel molecule for treating hypoxia.The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of education, knowledge of radiation and workplace anxiety of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) workers and to analyze what type of words are used for anxiety with a text mining method. An original questionnaire survey was given to FDNPP workers, and a text mining method was used to extract information from free-entry fields. The questionnaires were collected from 1135 workers (response rate 70.8%). It was found that when workers receive education on radiation, the increased knowledge helps to reduce their anxiety. Among the 1135 workers, 92 of 127 completed the free-entry field with valid entries. Seventy-one words were extracted by the text mining method. The words used differed depending on the degree of anxiety. The text mining method revealed information about the presence or absence of radiation anxiety and the subjects' working environment and background.

To explore beliefs about worries, beliefs about pain, and worries about pain held by adolescents with and without chronic pain.

Adolescents with and without chronic pain aged 14-19 completed an online survey with free text questions about pain and worry. We collected demographics and used the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children to contextualize the qualitative data, which was analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis.

Eighty-one participants completed the survey, 36 with chronic pain and 45 without (mean age 16.73). Compared to adolescents without chronic pain, adolescents living with chronic pain reported significantly higher general worry and pain catastrophizing. Thematic analysis generated two themes, "Worry changes perceptions of selfhood" and "Pain changes perceptions of selfhood." Each theme comprised two sub-themes showing how current and future identity trajectories were distorted by worry and pain. The theme "Pain changes perceptions of selfhood" also incets.

Invasive Group B Streptococcus (iGBS) sepsis and meningitis are important causes of child mortality, but studies on neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) after iGBS are limited. Using Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER), we described NDI in iGBS survivors and non-iGBS children from South Africa, as part of a five-country study.

We identified children aged 5 -8 years with a history of iGBS and children with no history of iGBS between October 2019 - January 2021. Children were matched on sex, and birth data (month, year) (matched cohort study). Moderate-severe NDI was the primary outcome as a composite of GMDS-ER motor, GMDS-ER cognition, hearing and vision. Secondary outcomes included mild NDI, any emotional-behavioural problems, and GMDS-ER developmental quotients (DQ) calculated by dividing the age equivalent GMDS-ER score by the chronological age.

160 children (iGBS survivors, 43; non-iGBS, 117) were assessed. Amongst iGBS survivors 13 (30.2%) had meningitis and 30 (69.8%) had sepsis. Six (13.9%) iGBS survivors, and five (4.3%) non-iGBS children had moderate-severe NDI. iGBS exposure was associated with a 5.56 (95%CI 1.07-28.93; p=0.041) adjusted odds of moderate-severe NDI at 5-8 years. Compared to the non-iGBS children, iGBS meningitis survivors had a significantly lower global median DQ (p < 0.05), as well as a lower median DQ for the language and performance GMDS-ER subscale (p<0.05).

Children surviving iGBS, particularly meningitis, are more likely to have NDI at 5 - 8 years compared to non-iGBS children. Smad2 phosphorylation Further research is required to improve detection and care for at-risk newborns.

Children surviving iGBS, particularly meningitis, are more likely to have NDI at 5 - 8 years compared to non-iGBS children. Further research is required to improve detection and care for at-risk newborns.