Onealrossen1984

Bull testes must be 4-5 °C below body temperature, with testicular warming more likely to cause poor-quality sperm in Bos taurus (European/British) versus Bos indicus (Indian/zebu) bulls. Despite a long-standing dogma that testicular hyperthermia causes hypoxia, we reported that increasing testicular temperature in bulls and rams enhanced testicular blood flow and O2 delivery/uptake, without hypoxia. Our objective was to determine effects of short-term testicular hyperthermia on testicular blood flow, O2 delivery and uptake and evidence of testicular hypoxia in pubertal Angus (B. taurus) and Nelore (B. indicus) bulls (nine per breed) under isoflurane anesthesia. As testes were warmed from 34 to 40 °C, there were increases (P  less then  0.0001, but no breed effects) in testicular blood flow (mean ± SEM, 9.59 ± 0.10 vs 17.67 ± 0.29 mL/min/100 g, respectively), O2 delivery (1.79 ± 0.06 vs 3.44 ± 0.11 mL O2/min/100 g) and O2 consumption (0.69 ± 0.07 vs 1.25 ± 0.54 mL O2/min/100 g), but no indications of testicular hypoxia. Hypotheses that 1) both breeds increase testicular blood flow in response to testicular warming; and 2) neither breed has testicular hypoxia, were supported; however, the hypothesis that the relative increase in blood flow is greater in Angus versus Nelore was not supported. Although these were short-term increases in testicular temperature in anesthetized bulls, results did not support the long-standing dogma that increased testicular temperature does not increase testicular blood flow and an ensuing hypoxia is responsible for decreases in motile, morphologically normal and fertile sperm. The aim of these experiments was to study ovarian dynamics and fertility of Bos indicus beef cattle submitted to 7-d progesterone (P4)-based fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocols using different hormonal treatments. In Exp. 1, 2 yr old Nelore heifers (n = 973) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments EB-0 (estradiol benzoate, EB on D0 and no GnRH at AI), EB-G (EB on D0 and GnRH at AI), G-0 (GnRH on D0 and no GnRH at AI), or G-G (GnRH on D0 and at AI). On D0, heifers received an intravaginal P4 implant (0.5 g) for 7 d and EB (1.5 mg) or GnRH (16.8 μg). On D7, the P4 implant was withdrawn and heifers received cloprostenol (PGF; 0.5 mg) and estradiol cypionate (EC, 0.5 mg). Heifers in G groups also received PGF and eCG (200 IU) on D6, whereas EB heifers received eCG on D7. At FTAI on D9, only EB-G and G-G groups received GnRH (8.4 μg). In Exp. 2, Nelore cows (n = 804) received the same treatments (EB-0, EB-G, G-0, or G-G) using a 1.0 g P4 implant, 2.0 mg EB, and 300 IU eCG. Effects were considered significant wat AI with estrus, however, cows that did not display estrus had greater P/AI if they received GnRH at AI (GnRH = 59.1 [91/154] vs. No GnRH = 48.2% [78/162]). Thus, protocols initiated with EB or GnRH for Bos indicus heifers and cows had differing ovarian dynamics but similar overall fertility, enabling their use in reproductive management programs. Treatment with GnRH at time of AI increased fertility in some instances in Bos indicus cows but not in heifers. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes that ram sperm experience during in vitro capacitation before and after cryopreservation. Using flow cytometry and computer assisted sperm analysis system (CASA), protein tyrosine phosphorylation and several functional parameters were evaluated in fresh and cryopreserved ram sperm incubated under capacitating and non-capacitating conditions at 0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min. A short incubation period (5-30 min) under capacitating conditions was enough to increase mitochondrial activity and tyrosine phosphorylation in cryopreserved sperm, inducing also changes in the motility pattern, which could be related to hyperactivation. However, fresh sperm required a longer incubation (180-240 min) under capacitating conditions to undergo similar modifications. In both types of samples, tyrosine phosphorylation increased in a sequential manner in the midpiece, principal piece and tail at specific time points during in vitro capacitation. Moreover, the proportion of viable sperm with intact acrosome begun to decrease during capacitation, occurring before in cryopreserved sperm. Ivacaftor ic50 Our findings suggest that cryopreserved ram sperm become competent for fertilization after a short exposure to capacitating conditions as a result of drastic changes inflicted by the freezing-thawing procedure, while prolonged incubations after cryopreservation severely impair sperm quality. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate and to compare the perception of nasolabial aesthetic by experienced professionals, inexperienced professionals, cleft patients and laypersons in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using the Asher-McDade Scoring System. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 75 patients who applied to Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and whose primary surgery operations were completed in Ege University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, were evaluated from the extra-oral and profile photographs. All photographs were arranged according to Asher-McDade Scoring System and evaluated by 4 different groups. 5 people were evaluated in each group consisting of experienced professionals, inexperienced professionals, cleft patients and the laypersons. Nasal form, nasal deviation, vermilion border and nasal profile were evaluated in 5 different categories according to Asher-McDade Scoring System. Staimportant tools to evaluate the success of the treatment in patients with CLP. The success of primary surgery has one of the most important effects for nasolabial aesthetics on patients with clefts. As a result of the study, the evaluation of cleft patients was found to be similar to that of experienced professionals and lower than that of inexperienced professionals and the laypersons. This result shows us that patients with CLP have higher awareness of self-perception, but these patients may have psychosocial problems ranging from low self-esteem to social isolation risk.