Omarhartman3524

The first aim of this experiment was to evaluate the appropriateness of linear and non-linear (allometric) models to scale peak aerobic power (oxygen consumption) against body mass. The possibilities that oxygen consumption would scale allometrically across the complete metabolic range, and that the scaling exponents would differ significantly between basal and maximal-exercise states, were then evaluated. It was further hypothesised that the scaling exponent would increase in a stepwise manner with elevations in exercise intensity. Finally, the utility of applying the scaling exponent derived for peak aerobic power to another population sample was evaluated.

Basal, steady-state walking and peak (treadmill) oxygen-consumption data were measured using 60 relatively homogeneous men (18-40year; 56.0-117.1kg), recruited across five mass classes. Linear and allometric regressions were applied, with the utility of each scaling method evaluated.

Oxygen consumption scaled allometrically with body mass across the data. KU-55933 solubility dmso Accordingly, ratiometric and linear regression analyses are not recommended as scaling methods.

Regular exercise affects the expression of several genes, proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) in time- and intensity-dependent manner promoting longevity. We previously identified from GeneChip Array analysis several differentially expressed genes and miRNAs in muscle from veteran football players (VPG) compared to active untrained elderly subjects (CG); here we focussed on miRNA-1303 (miR-1303). The aims of the present research were to analyse the effects of football training on the expression of miR-1303 and to identify its putative target involved in the longevity pathways in skeletal muscle from VPG compared to CG.

RNA samples from 12 VPG and 12 CG muscle biopsies were used to validate miR-1303 expression. Crossing four different bioinformatic algorithms, we identified 16 putative targets of miR-1303; from these, BAG-2, KLHL7 and KBTBD6 were chosen for further validation by Western blot analysis in LHCN-M2 human myoblasts transiently transfected with miR-1303.

Football training down-regulates miR-1303 expression in muscle from VPG compared to CG and the expression of BAG-2, a chaperon protein involved in the autophagy pathway, inversely correlated to overexpression of miR-1303 in a time-dependent manner, indicating that it is a miR-1303 potential target.

This is the first report, to our knowledge, describing miR-1303 regulation in skeletal muscle by football training and the identification of a target protein, BAG-2, involved in the autophagy pathway. This result contributes to the enlargement of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking football training, autophagy and longevity.

This is the first report, to our knowledge, describing miR-1303 regulation in skeletal muscle by football training and the identification of a target protein, BAG-2, involved in the autophagy pathway. This result contributes to the enlargement of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking football training, autophagy and longevity.Coastal water quality assessment is important to maintain a healthy environment for various uses including fisheries and recreation. Microbial populations are used as biological indicators of contamination to monitor water quality and are considered by the government to be one of the critical features for issuing safety guidelines. Different bacterial groups (pathogenic, vibrio and faecal) from five major recreational beaches of Chennai, India, were monitored for the assessment of coastal water quality. Faecal coliforms (FC) were high at all the beaches, with up to 4.2 × 105 CFU/mL and exceeding the normal standard limits of 100 CFU/100 mL set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. Rainfall was found to have a role in the variability and distribution of indicator and pathogenic bacteria. The seasonal dry period witnessed elevated FC, while dilution in the wet period reduced Escherichia coli-like organisms (ECLO). High microbial counts were detected near the beach situated close to the river mouth, mainly due to discharges of untreated domestic sewage and industrial wastes. Similarly, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) was also high, 0.32 to 10.32 mg/L. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 2.21 to 134.53 μmol/L and inorganic phosphate (IP) ranged from 0 to 57.53 μmol/L. These values indicated the presence of significant untreated sewage in the coastal water. This study revealed that Chennai coastal waters carry high levels of faecal and pathogenic bacteria, detrimental for recreational and other contact activities. The quantitative and qualitative analyses will be useful for modelling and prediction of coastal water quality and management of other recreational beaches in India.Janus kinase/signal transduction and transcriptional activator (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is a transport hub for cytokine secretion and exerts its effects. The activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of inflammatory responses. Inappropriate activation or deletion of JAK/STAT signaling pathway is the initiator of the inflammatory response. JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in the process of innate and adaptive immune response to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the regulation of different cells in IBD, as well as new findings on the involvement of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the regulation of the intestinal immune response. The current status of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of IBD is summarized as well. This review highlights natural remedies that can serve as potential JAK inhibitors. These phytochemicals may be useful in the identification of precursor compounds in the process of designing and developing novel JAK inhibitors.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted disease allied with various metabolic disorders, obesity and dysbiosis. Gut microbiota plays an influential role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and other metabolic disorders. However, recent scientific upsurge emphasizes on the utility of beneficial gut microbiota and bacteriotherapy in the management of NAFLD. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the contemporary therapeutic approach with state-of-the-art methods for the treatment of NAFLD. Other potential therapies include probiotics and prebiotics supplements which are based on alteration of gut microbes to treat NAFLD. In this review, our major focus is on the pathological association of gut microbiota with progression of NAFLD, historical aspects and recent advances in FMT with possible intervention to combat NAFLD and its associated metabolic dysfunctions.A highly sensitive trypsin sensing system in serum was developed by using an anodic alumina oxide (AAO)-based, trypsin substrate-decorated hybrid ion permeation membrane. Owing to the trypsin-triggered peptide hydrolyzation reaction, the surface electrical feature of the peptide-decorated hybrid ion membrane changed. The electric double layer effect reduces the effective ion current diameter in the AAO nano unit, so that the ion current rectification ratio will be enhanced, realizing the quantitative detection of trypsin. The lowest detection concentration can be achieved as low as 0.1 pM. This method is no need for sample pre-preparation, easy to operate, highly sensitive, and also applicable to other enzyme evaluation systems by changing corresponding substrates. This study provides a new idea for selective measurements of proteases in complex biological samples.On the basis of the Griess-Saltzman (GS) reaction, an optical device for nitric oxide (NO) detection in exhaled breath and atmosphere was developed by employing the light-emitting diode (LED, 560 nm) as the light source, light-to-voltage converter (LVC) as the detector, and porous polypropylene membrane tube (PPMT) as the cuvette. The PPMT was filled with GS reagents and covered with a coaxial jacket tube for gas collection and color reaction; two ends of the PPMT were connected with the LED and LVC to detect the change of light transmissivity in the wavelength range of 530 to 590 nm mainly. A gas absorber filled with GS reagents was installed prior to another absorber filled with KMnO4 solution to eliminate the interference of coexisting NO2. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the device achieved a limit of detection (3σ/k) of 4.4 ppbv for NO detection. The linearity range of this device was divided into two segments, i.e., 25 to 100 ppbv and 50 to 1000 ppbv, with both coefficients of determination > 0.99. The relative standard deviation was 2.7% (n = 9, c = 100 ppbv), and the analytical time was 5.5 min per detection. The minimum detectable quantity was decreased to 1.18 ng, which was ~ 100 times lower than the original GS method (115 ng). The present device was applied for determination of NO in exhaled breath, vehicle exhaust, and air. In addition to satisfactory spiking recoveries (i.e., 103% and 107%), the analytical results of the present device were in agreement with the results obtained by the standard method. These results assured the practicality of the developed device for NO detection in real environmental samples.A sensitive and effective strategy for the detection of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and trypsin was developed using biomass nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) as the fluorescence probe. N-CQDs were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method by utilizing cellulolytic enzyme lignin as the carbon source and ammonia as the solvent and nitrogen source. The obtained N-CQDs had good water solubility and stable optical properties. The introduction of nitrogen increased fluorescence quantum yield (QY) to 8.23%, which was almost four times as high as that before nitrogen doping. The N-CQDs were fabricated as a label-free biosensor to detect Cyt c and trypsin. The fluorescence of N-CQDs was quenched with positively charged Cyt c due to electrostatic induction aggregation and static quenching. However, Cyt c tended to be hydrolyzed into small peptides in the presence of trypsin, which caused fluorescence recovery of the N-CQDs/Cyt c complex. A wide linear response range was achieved for Cyt c within 1-50 μM and the developed N-CQDs/Cyt c complex displayed a linear response for trypsin within 0.09-5.4 U/mL. The detection limits were 0.29 μM for Cyt c and 0.013 U/mL for trypsin, respectively. Furthermore, this assay had been applied to Cyt c and trypsin detection in serum samples with the recoveries in the range of 94.6-98.5% and 95.5-102.0%, respectively. The established method was sensitive, selective, easy to operate, and low cost, which proved its potential application in clinical diagnosis. The synthesis and fluorescence mechanism of N-CQDs and the strategy for Cyt c and trypsin detection.Harmful algal blooms have deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. The application of algicidal bacteria is a promising and environmentally friendly method of preventing and eradicating harmful algal blooms. In this study, a screen for algicidal agents against harmful algal blooms was used to identify an algicidal bacterial strain (strain O-4) isolated from a Karenia mikimotoi culture. Strain O-4 exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on harmful K. mikimotoi and was identified as Paracoccus homiensis via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This strain killed K. mikimotoi by secreting active algicidal compounds, which were stable at temperatures of -80-121 °C but were sensitive to strongly acidic conditions (pH = 2). The algicidal properties of strain O-4 against K. mikimotoi were cell density- and time-dependent. No significant changes or negative effects were noted for two other Chlorophyta species, which highlighted the specificity of the studied algicidal substance. Finally, single-factor experiments revealed the optimum growth conditions of strain O-4 under different pH and temperature conditions.