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05). The improved group on KAQLQ showed a significant improvement in FEV1% (p < 0.001).

Omalizumab can be considered a biological treatment for Korean patients with severe allergic asthma. It is recommended to consider omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with high baseline total IgE levels and severe asthma symptoms.

Omalizumab can be considered a biological treatment for Korean patients with severe allergic asthma. It is recommended to consider omalizumab as add-on therapy in patients with high baseline total IgE levels and severe asthma symptoms.Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease. It is characterized by cyst growth in the kidneys, resulting in kidney enlargement and end-stage kidney disease. The polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) and PKD2 have been identified as genes related to ADPKD and their significance in the molecular pathology of the disease has been studied. A disease-modifying drug has been approved; therefore, it has become important to identify patients at a high risk of kidney disease progression. Genetic tests, image analysis methods, and clinical factors for kidney disease progression prediction have been established. This review describes genetic and clinical characteristics, and discusses ongoing studies in Korean ADPKD patients.Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been the leading cause of chronic kidney disease for over 20 years. Yet, over these two decades, the clinical approach to this condition has not much improved beyond the administration of glucose-lowering agents, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers for blood pressure control, and lipid-lowering agents. The proportion of diabetic patients who develop DKD and progress to end-stage renal disease has remained nearly the same. This unmet need for DKD treatment is caused by the complex pathophysiology of DKD, and the difficulty of translating treatment from bench to bed, which further adds to the growing argument that DKD is not a homogeneous disease. To better capture the full spectrum of DKD in our design of treatment regimens, we need improved diagnostic tools that can better distinguish the subgroups within the condition. For instance, DKD is typically placed in the broad category of a non-inflammatory kidney disease. However, genome-wide transcriptome analysis studies consistently indicate the inflammatory signaling pathway activation in DKD. This review will utilize human data in discussing the potential for redefining the role of inflammation in DKD. We also comment on the therapeutic potential of targeted anti-inflammatory therapy for DKD.Zoletil is a combination of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride used as a veterinary anesthetic. Although zoletil abuse is widely known, zoletil poisoning for the purpose of suicide is very rare. We present a case of a 39-year-old man who attempted suicide by intravenously injecting a large amount of zoletil, resulting in decreased mental status and severe respiratory depression. Intubation and mechanical ventilation were applied. After 30 hours in the hospital, all symptoms of poisoning improved. Because zoletil can cause severe respiratory depression, close observation and aggressive securement of an airway is mandatory.Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease that is rare but potentially fatal and challenging to diagnose. A 28-year-old man with sickle cell trait and a history of intravenous drug use presented with abdominal pain and hematuria mimicking a surgical abdomen. The preliminary diagnosis was cholecystitis or perforated viscus. The chest radiograph was indicative of pulmonary septic emboli. Computed tomography was initially thought to show pyelonephritis, but further review of images revealed renal infarct. The patient was found to have endocarditis which resulted in an embolic renal infarct. The patient recovered remarkably well after 60 days of intravenous antibiotics. This case demonstrates that a surgical abdomen may also be a sign of endocarditis, and multiple imaging studies may be required to confirm the diagnosis. In patients such as intravenous drug users with an increased risk of IE, unexplained flank pain should raise a suspicion of acute renal infarction.

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a large metropolitan city.

This before-and-after observational study used a prospective citywide OHCA registry. Adult patients with emergency medical service-treated OHCA, with presumed cardiac etiology, pre- and post-COVID-19 outbreak were enrolled. The study period spanned 2 months, starting from February 18, 2020. The control period was 2 months from February 18, 2019. The primary and secondary outcomes were good neurologic outcome and survival to hospital discharge, respectively. The association between the COVID-19 outbreak and OHCA outcomes was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

This study analyzed 297 OHCA patients (control period, 145; study period, 152). MG132 The bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates were 64.8% and 60.5% during the control and study periods, respectively. Response and on-scene times increased by 2 minutes, supraglottic airway use increased by 35.6%, and mechanical chest compression device use increased by 13% post-COVID-19 outbreak. Good neurologic outcome was significantly lower during the study period in overall OHCAs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.98) and in witnessed OHCAs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.90). No significant difference was found in the survival to hospital discharge of OHCA patients between the two periods.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the response and on-scene times were longer, and good neurologic outcome was significantly lower than that in the control period.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the response and on-scene times were longer, and good neurologic outcome was significantly lower than that in the control period.

With trends in population aging an increasing number of older patients are visiting the emergency department (ED). This study aimed to identify the characteristics of ED utilization and risk factors for in-hospital mortality in older patients who visited EDs.

This nationwide observational study used National Emergency Department Information System data collected during a 2-year period from January 2016 to December 2017. The characteristics of older patients aged 70 years or older were compared with those of younger patients aged 20 to 69 years. Risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.

A total of 6,596,423 younger patients and 1,737,799 older patients were included. In the medical and nonmedical older patient groups, significantly higher proportions of patients were transferred from another hospital, utilized emergency medical services, had Korean Triage and Acuity Scale scores of 1 and 2, required hospitalization, and required intensive care unit admission in the older patient group than in the younger patient group.