Offersenpehrson4794

The profile-control technique is one of the most important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods to maintain oil production in the medium and late stages of water flooding. It is necessary to conduct laboratory experiments based on the reservoir parameters from specific oil reservoirs to optimize the operation parameters during the profile-control process. In this work, based on the reservoir properties from Daqing Oil Field (China), we employed three parallel core holders and a square core with one injection well and four production wells to conduct profile-control experiments, and the operational parameters in the field scale were obtained using the similarity principle. selleck kinase inhibitor The results show that the selected gel system has a good plugging performance and the best injection volume and profile-control radius are 0.3 PV and 6 m, respectively. Additionally, we show the optimized injection speed under different injection pressures when the profile-control radius is in the range of 6-9 m. The optimized displacing radius of the field is in the range of 3-6 m. When the radius is 6 m, the pressure decreases 90% and the corresponding plugging ratio is 81%. The optimized plugging proportion of the fracture length is 50%, and further increase of the proportion has a negligible effect on the production performance. Good field response has been achieved after the implementation of the optimized parameters in the target reservoir. This work, for the first time, systematically studies the operational parameters for the profile-control technique using experimental methods, and it provides the fundamental understandings and implications for enhancing oil recovery in similar types of high-water-cut reservoirs.The pH-sensitive liposomes were employed to amplify the detection of acetylcholine (ACh). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) covalently immobilized on the magnetic particles and the pH-sensitive liposomes encapsulating ferricyanide were added to a cyclic voltammetry cell solution where ACh was distributed. The conversion of ACh into acetic acid seemed to induce the pH decrease that caused the reduction in the electrostatic repulsion between the head groups of weakly acidic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-succinate. The reduction generated liposome destabilization, which released potassium ferricyanide encapsulated inside the liposomes. The effects of the ACh concentration and pH were investigated. An addition of 10 μL of more than 0.5 mg/mL ACh concentration into 5 mL of a cyclic voltammetry cell solution was necessary to observe the response. The activity of AChE was reversible with respect to the pH change between 7 and 5. The sensitivity of this detection was almost identical to comparable techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, field-effect transistor, fluorescence, UV spectrometry, magnetic resonance imaging, and surface plasmon resonance. Therefore, the methodology developed in this study is feasible as a portable, rapid, and sensitive method.Orthoclase (K-feldspar) is one of the natural inorganic materials, which shows remarkable potential toward removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Understanding the interactions of the orthoclase and metal ions is important in the treatment of saline wastewater. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations were used to prove the adsorption of different ions onto orthoclase. The adsorption isotherms show that orthoclase has remarkable efficiency in the removal of cations at low ion concentrations. Aluminol groups are the preferential adsorption sites of cations due to higher negative charges. The adsorption types and adsorption sites are influenced by the valence, radius, and hydration stability of ions. Monovalent cations can be adsorbed in the cavities, whereas divalent cations cannot. The hydrated cation may form an outer-sphere complex or an inner-sphere complex in association with the loss of hydration water. Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ions mainly undergo inner-sphere adsorption and Mg2+ ions prefer outer-sphere adsorption. On the basis of simulation results, the mechanism of ion removal in the presence of orthoclase is demonstrated at a molecular level.It is an effective method to use SnF2 and SnF4 molecules to assist in enhancing the performance of FASnI3 perovskite. However, the mechanism in this case is not clear as it lacks a certain explanation to specify the phenomenon. Through first-principles calculations, this paper constructed several modes of SnF2 and SnF4 adsorbed on the surfaces of FASnI3 and explored adsorption energies, band structures, photoelectric properties, absorption spectra, and dielectric functions. The SnF2 molecule adsorbed at the I5 position on the FAI-T surface has the lowest adsorption energy for the F atom, which is 0.5376 eV. The Sn-I bond and Sn-F bond mainly affect the photoelectric properties of FASnI3 perovskite solar cells, and the SnF2 adsorption on the FAI-T surface can effectively strengthen the bond energies, which shortens the bond lengths of the Sn-I and Sn-F bond, and eliminate surface unsaturated bonds to passivate the surface defects. Furthermore, the probability of energy transfer was lower between the SnF2 molecule and the ion around it than between SnF4 and its ion. Especially, in the aspect of optical properties, we found that the intensity of the absorption peak of SnF2 adsorption increase was larger than that of SnF4 adsorption. Additionally, the static dielectric constants of SnF4 adsorption on the two surfaces, denoted SnF4, made the perovskite respond more slowly to the external electric field. Based on this work, we found that SnF2 had a greater positive effect on the optical property of perovskite than SnF4. We consider that our results can help to deeply understand the essence of SnF2 assistance in the performance of FASnI3 and help researchers strive for lead-free perovskite solar cells.Depolymerization is an emerging and promising route for the value-added utilization of low-rank coal (LRC) resources, and how to use the complex depolymerized mixtures efficiently is of great importance for this route. In this work, we designed the rational route of using depolymerized mixtures from lignite via ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO) depolymerization directly without complex separation to construct a Zr-based hydrogenation catalyst. The prepared catalyst was applied into the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds. Meanwhile, a copper-based oxidation catalyst was also constructed via a similar route to investigate the universality of the proposed route. Special insights were given into how the depolymerized components with different structures influenced the performances of the catalysts. The effects of the solvents used during the catalyst preparation (H2O and DMF) were also studied. The results showed that the proposed route using the depolymerized mixtures from lignite via RICO to construct catalysts was feasible for both Zr-based and Cu-based catalysts.