Odgaardmatthiesen4675

The burden of chronic disease in Europe continues to grow. A major challenge facing national governments is how to tackle the risk factors of sedentary lifestyle, alcohol abuse, smoking, and unhealthy diet. These factors are complex and necessitate intersectoral collaboration to strengthen health promotion, counter-act the social determinants of health, and reduce the prevalence of chronic disease. European countries have diverse intersectoral collaboration to encourage health promotion activities. In the Joint Action CHRODIS-PLUS success factors for intersectoral collaboration within and outside healthcare which strengthen health promotion activities were identified with a mixed method design via a survey of 22 project partners in 14 countries and 2 workshops. In six semi-structured interviews, the mechanisms underlying these success factors were examined. These mechanisms can be very context-specific but do give more insight into how they can be replicated. In this paper, 20 health promotion interventions from national programs in CHRODIS PLUS are explored. This includes community interventions, policy actions, integrated approaches, capacity building, and training activities. The interventions involved collaboration across three to more than six sectors. The conclusion is a set of seven recommendations that are considered to be essential for fostering intersectoral collaboration to improve health-promoting activities.Resistance against penetration of various rays including electromagnetic waves (EM), infrared rays (IR), and ultraviolet rays (UV) has been realized by using copper (Cu)-coated fabrics. However, the corrosion of the Cu on coated fabrics influenced the shielding effectiveness of the various rays. Besides, the metal-coated fabrics have high density and are unbreathable. This work aims to solve the problem by incorporating nickel (Ni) into the Cu coating on the ultra-light polyester fibrous materials (Milife® composite nonwoven fabric-10 g/m2, abbreviation Milife) via electroless plating. The electromagnetic interference (EMI), IR test, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), water contact angle, and air permeability of the Cu/Ni-coated Milife fabric were measured. All the samples were assumed as ultra-light and breathable by obtaining the similar fabric density (~10.57 g/m2) and large air permeability (600-1050 mm/s). The Cu/Ni deposition on the Milife fabrics only covered the fibers. The EM shielding effectiveness (SE) decreased from 26 to 20 dB, the IR reflectance (Rinfrared) decreased from 0.570 to 0.473 with increasing wNi from 0 to 19.5 wt %, while the wNi improved the UPF from 9 to 48. Besides, addition of Ni changed the Cu/Ni-coated Milife fabric from hydrophilicity to the hydrophobicity by observing WCA from 77.7° to 114°.Excessive and prolonged intake of highly palatable, high fat (HF) foods contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairment. Exercise can restore energy homeostasis and suppress HF diet preference in rats. However, it is unclear if exercise confers similar protection against the detrimental outcomes associated with a chronic HF diet preference and feeding in both sexes. We used our wheel running (WR) and two-diet choice (chow vs. HF) paradigm to investigate the efficacy of exercise in reversing HF diet-associated metabolic and cognitive dysregulation in rats, hypothesizing that beneficial effects of exercise would be more pronounced in males. All WR rats showed HF diet avoidance upon running initiation, and males, but not females, had a prolonged reduction in HF diet preference. Moreover, exercise only improved glucose tolerance and insulin profile in males. Compared to sedentary controls, all WR rats improved learning to escape on the Barnes maze. Only WR females increased errors made during subsequent reversal learning trials, indicating a sex-dependent effect of exercise on behavioral flexibility. Taken together, our results suggest that exercise is more effective at attenuating HF-associated metabolic deficits in males, and highlights the importance of developing sex-specific treatment interventions for obesity and cognitive dysfunction.Incorporation of antioxidant agents in edible films and packages often relies in the usage of essential oils and other concentrated hydrophobic liquids, with reliable increases in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the overall composite, but with less desirable synthetic sources and extraction methods. Hydroethanolic extracts of commercially-available red macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis were evaluated for their antioxidant potential and phenolic content, as part of the selection of algal biomass for the enrichment of thermoplastic film coatings. The extracts were obtained through use of solid-liquid extractions, over which yield, DPPH radical reduction capacity, total phenolic content, and FRAP activity assays were measured. Solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction time, and ethanol percentages were selected as independent variables, and response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to estimate the effect of each extraction condition on the tested bioactivities. These extracts were electrospun into polypropylene films and the antioxidant activity of these coatings was measured. Similar bioactivities were measured for both 100% ethanolic and aqueous extracts, revealing high viability in the application of both for antioxidant coating purposes, though activity losses as a result of the electrospinning process were above 60% in all cases.Many studies have been conducted to fabricate unique structures on flexible substrates and to apply such structures to a variety of fields. However, it is difficult to produce unique structures such as multilayer, nanospheres and porous patterns on a flexible substrate. We present a facile method of nanospheres based on laser-induced porous graphene (LIPG), by using laser-induced plasma (LIP). We fabricated these patterns from commercial polyimide (PI) film, with a 355 nm pulsed laser. For a simple one-step process, we used laser direct writing (LDW), under ambient conditions. We irradiated the PI film at a defocused plane -4 mm away from the focal plane, for high pulse overlap rate. The effect of the laser scanning speed was investigated by FE-SEM, to observe morphological characterization. Moreover, we confirmed the pattern characteristics by optical microscope, Raman spectroscopy and electrical experiments. The results suggested that we could modulate the conductivity and structural color by controlling the laser scanning speed. In this work, when the speed of the laser is 20 mm/s and the fluence is 5.28 mJ/cm2, the structural color is most outstanding. Furthermore, we applied these unique characteristics to various colorful patterns by controlling focal plane.Aquatic insects comprise 10% of all insect diversity, can be found on every continent except Antarctica, and are key components of freshwater ecosystems. However, aquatic insect genome biology lags dramatically behind that of terrestrial insects. If genomic effort was spread evenly, one aquatic insect genome would be sequenced for every ~9 terrestrial insect genomes. Instead, ~24 terrestrial insect genomes have been sequenced for every aquatic insect genome. This discrepancy is even more dramatic if the quality of genomic resources is considered; for instance, while no aquatic insect genome has been assembled to the chromosome level, 29 terrestrial insect genomes spanning four orders have. We argue that a lack of aquatic insect genomes is not due to any underlying difficulty (e.g., small body sizes or unusually large genomes), yet it is severely hampering aquatic insect research at both fundamental and applied scales. By expanding the availability of aquatic insect genomes, we will gain key insight into insect diversification and empower future research for a globally important taxonomic group.Obstacle detection is one of the essential capabilities for autonomous robots operated on unstructured terrain. In this paper, a novel laser-based approach is proposed for obstacle detection by autonomous robots, in which the Sobel operator is deployed in the edge-detection process of 3D laser point clouds. The point clouds of unstructured terrain are filtered by VoxelGrid, and then processed by the Gaussian kernel function to obtain the edge features of obstacles. The Euclidean clustering algorithm is optimized by super-voxel in order to cluster the point clouds of each obstacle. The characteristics of the obstacles are recognized by the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation (LM-BP) neural network. The algorithm proposed in this paper is a post-processing algorithm based on the reconstructed point cloud. Experiments are conducted by using both the existing datasets and real unstructured terrain point cloud reconstructed by an all-terrain robot to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed approach.Results indicating that a high milk intake is associated with both higher and lower risks of fragility fractures, or that indicate no association, can all be presented in the same meta-analysis, depending on how it is performed. In this narrative review, we discuss the available studies examining milk intake in relation to fragility fractures, highlight potential problems with meta-analyses of such studies, and discuss potential mechanisms and biases underlying the different results. We conclude that studies examining milk and dairy intakes in relation to fragility fracture risk need to study the different milk products separately. Meta-analyses should consider the doses in the individual studies. Additional studies in populations with a large range of intake of fermented milk are warranted.Patients with refractory diabetes are defined as type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients; they cannot achieve optimal glycemic control and exhibit persistent elevations of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥8% while on appropriate therapy. Hyperglycemia can lead to severe microvascular/macrovascular complications. However, in contrast to T2D, few studies have focused specifically on the gut microbiota in refractory diabetes. To examine this issue, we recruited 79 subjects with T2D and refractory diabetes (RT2D), and all subjects received standard therapy with Metformin or other hypoglycemic agents with or without insulin for at least one year. The α-diversity displayed no significant difference, whereas the β-diversity showed a marginal significance (p = 0.054) between T2D and RT2D. The evaluation of taxonomic indices revealed reductions in both Akkermansia muciniphila and Fusobacterium and a corresponding enrichment of Bacteroides vulgatus, Veillonella denticariosi among those with RT2D. These microbial markers distinguished RT2D from T2D with an acceptable degree of discrimination (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.719, p less then 0.01) and were involved in several glucose-related functional pathways. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was negatively correlated with HbA1c. Our combined results reveal unique features of the gut microbiota in RT2D and suggest that the evaluation of the gut microbiota could provide insights into the mechanisms underlying glycemic control and the impact of therapeutic modalities in patients with RT2D.