Odgaardgreenwood6159

This paper uses a social media platform, Reddit, to identify real-time experiences of people who use drugs during the COVID-19 lock-down.

Reddit is a popular and growing social media platform, providing a large, publicly available dataset necessary for high performance of machine learning and topic modeling techniques. We used opioid-related "subreddits," communities where Reddit users engage in conversations about drug use, to examine COVID-19-related content of posts and comments from March to May 2020. This paper investigates the latent topics of users' posts/comments using Latent Dirichlet Allocation, an unsupervised machine learning approach that uncovers the thematic structure of a document collection. We also examine how topics changed over time.

The final dataset consists of 525 posts and 9284 comments, for a total of 9809 posts/comments (3756 posts/comments in r/opiates, 1641 in r/OpiatesRecovery, 1203 in r/suboxone, and 3209 in r/Methadone) among 2342 unique individuals. There were 5256 posts/rs and policymakers should consider these experiences among people who use drugs during the early stage of the pandemic.

Emergency department (ED) initiated opioid use disorder (OUD) care is effective; however, real-world predictors of patient engagement are lacking.

This program evaluation examined predictors of ED-based OUD treatment and subsequent engagement.

Program evaluation in Boston, MA. Adult patients who met criteria for OUD during an ED visit in 2019 were included. Patients were included if a diagnosis of OUD or opioid-related overdose was associated with the ED visit or if they met previously validated criteria for OUD within the previous 12 months. We assessed predictors of ED-OUD treatment receipt and subsequent engagement, using Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set definition of initial encounter within 14 days of discharge and either 2 subsequent encounters or a subsequent buprenorphine prescription within 34 days of the initial encounter. We used generalized estimating equations for panel data.

During 2019, 1946 patients met criteria for OUD. Referrals to Bridge Clinic were made for 207 (11%), buprenorphine initiated for 106 (5%), and home induction buprenorphine kits given to 56 (3%). Following ED discharge, 237 patients (12%) had a visit within 14 days, 122 (6%) had ≥2 additional visits, and 207 (11%) received a subsequent buprenorphine prescription. Young, White, male patients were most likely to receive ED-OUD care. Patients who received ED-OUD care were more likely to have subsequent treatment engagement (adjusted rate ratio 2.30, 95% confidence intervals 1.62-3.27). Referrals were made less often than predicted for Black (-49%) or Hispanic/Latinx (-25%) patients.

Initiating treatment for OUD in the ED was associated with increased engagement in outpatient addiction care.

Initiating treatment for OUD in the ED was associated with increased engagement in outpatient addiction care.The sympathetic nervous system participates in the development and progression of several cancer types and this effect is mediated mainly via β-adrenergic signaling. However, the potential of β-adrenergic signaling blockade to prevent cancer development after exposure to carcinogens has not been investigated, yet. Therefore, in our study, we determined the effect of the β-blocker propranolol on the development and progression of mammary cancer induced in female rats by administration of the chemical carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The propranolol treatment (20 mg/kg body weight) started 12 days after MNU administration and lasted 10 weeks. We found that both saline and propranolol treatment significantly increased gene expression of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, indicating that repeated injection of saline or propranolol-induced stress in these two groups. However, compared to the vehicle-treated group, propranolol slightly delayed the development and moderately reduced the incidence of mammary carcinoma in animals. To evaluate the mechanisms mediating the effect of propranolol on the development of MNU-induced cancer, we investigated several parameters of the tumor microenvironment and found that propranolol increased gene expression of Casp3. JHU395 chemical structure Our data indicate that propranolol treatment that starts after exposure to carcinogens might represent a new, useful approach for preventing the development of cancer, especially in stressed individuals. However, the potential efficiency of propranolol treatment for preventing cancer development and progression in individuals exposed to carcinogens needs further investigation.Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) coupled with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become the standard of treatment for many cancers with peritoneal metastasis. Mitomycin-C (MMC), the most common chemotherapy utilized with HIPEC, is associated with neutropenia but the degree of hematologic toxicity is unclear when splenectomy is included as part of CRS with MMC. We present an interesting case of pancytopenia following treatment with HIPEC using MMC and comment on the possible role of splenectomy in exacerbating its cytotoxic effects. Our unique case highlights potential hematologic toxicity following MMC-HIPEC and splenectomy. It suggests that spleen removal may enhance toxicity profiles of chemotherapy such as MMC. Because MMC is the preferred agent of choice used in CRS-HIPEC, future studies should investigate optimal MMC dosing and patient selection when splenectomy is performed to balance survival benefit with hematologic toxicities.

Surgical tumor removing is the most common procedure after a confirmed cancer diagnosis with no detected metastasis. Surgery can reduce tumor burden and address pathologic changes caused by local compression of tissues by the tumor. This lowers the chances of tumor cell spreading and creates more favorable conditions for further treatment. However, not all tumor cells can be eliminated through surgery. Even in the early stages of the disease, tumor cells often metastasize and cannot be identified by current detection methods. These tiny, disseminated tumors are often the cause of tumor recurrence. There is currently a lack of effective treatment options that can completely prevent tumor recurrence after surgery.

To simulate the actual clinical situation, we selected murine-derived tumor cell lines S180 and Kcc853 to establish a post-transplantation residual tumor model in mice. Surgery was performed on mice inoculated with tumors. link2 Tumor tissue was partially excised to set up the postsurgical residual tumor models. The model simulated the clinical situation where tumor cells were not completely eliminated or there were small tumors that had metastasized before surgery. IL-12 was injected to observe its effect on residual tumors or metastatic microtumors.

The administration of IL-12 after surgery can significantly inhibit the growth of residual tumors and metastasis, improve the postoperative tumor-free rate and address the problem of tumor recurrence caused by the growth of residual tumors and micro-metastasis. Therefore, the use of IL-12 antitumor cytokine combined with surgery can effectively inhibit tumor recurrence.

Low-dose IL-12 (1-10 ng/kg in humans) can inhibit residual tumor growth.

Low-dose IL-12 (1-10 ng/kg in humans) can inhibit residual tumor growth.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with certain DLBCLs affecting specific anatomic sites, such as primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. However, the occurrence of secondary cutaneous involvement in DLBCL while patients are undergoing regular chemotherapy is rare. In this study, we reported a case of refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with cutaneous involvement that achieved complete remission for more than 4 years with epigenetic regulation of chidamide in combination with chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation including a pretreatment regimen containing chidamide.Myeloid sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with a tumoral presentation of acute myeloid leukemia. The clinical presentation of these hematologic cancers is typically aggressive and thus rapidly fatal in the absence of treatment, which relies on intensive chemotherapy that is sometimes followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (AHSCT). However, the global treatment strategy for these lesions is currently not well established. We report the case of a patient presenting with a highly refractory mediastinal myeloid sarcoma with uncommon morphologic and phenotypic characteristics and a clonal TCR rearrangement. The patient's disease was progressive despite multiple courses of intensive chemotherapy and a combination of nelarabine and venetoclax finally led to a complete metabolic response consolidated by an AHSCT. This treatment regimen, which has never been reported before, was very well tolerated especially on the neurologic and hematologic levels. This case underlines the clinical, histologic and molecular heterogeneity of what is called myeloid sarcoma and the importance of next-generation sequencing analysis of the tumor mass with both myeloid and lymphoid panels to better classify this rare entity and identify therapeutic targets.Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare borderline malignancy, usually treated with surgery only. Exceedingly rare cases of inoperable, recurrent, or metastatic IMTs pose a therapeutic challenge. We report successful treatment of a 7-year-old girl with an inoperable anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative IMT of the tongue. The patient underwent various anti-inflammatory (steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, clarithromycin) and antiproliferative (chemotherapy) therapies to enable tumor regression and complete resection. Ultimately, next-generation sequencing of the tumor revealed a TFG-ROS-1 translocation, allowing for an off-label targeted therapy with crizotinib. Crizotinib treatment caused slight tumor regression but evident change of its structure, allowing for complete non-mutilating resection. Two histopathology examinations revealed complete disappearance of neoplastic cells following therapy. The patient remains disease-free 22 months after the delayed surgery. In children with inoperable ALK-negative IMTs, molecular testing must be performed to identify other targetable oncogenic fusions, including TFG-ROS1.Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor. It is being used for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC). Repurposing noncancer drugs for cancer treatment is a current issue and it has many advantages. We planned to reveal the effects of noncancer drugs [calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and others] on erlotinib. We scanned the files of NSCLC patients retrospectively who were applied to Karadeniz Technical University between January 2013 and April 2019 and used erlotinib. There were 63 patients, 9 of them were taking CCB simultaneously for arterial hypertension. link3 We analyzed some parameters of these patients and their effects on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A χ2 or Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regressions were used in the statistical analysis. 12-month OS rates of CCB user and nonuser were 78.3 and 39.7%, respectively, [odds ratio (OR),0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.75; P = 0.023]. 24-month PFS rates of CCB user and nonuser were 44.