Oddershedegraversen4490

Graphical abstract.The current study was performed to evaluate the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing potential of n-hexane fraction from Cassia fistula L. (Caesalpinioideae) fruits. The antiproliferative property of the fraction was determined by MTT assay against cancer cell lines including HeLa, MG-63, IMR-32, and PC-3 with GI50 value of 97.69, 155.2, 143, and 160.2 μg/ml respectively. The fraction was further explored for its apoptotic effect using confocal, SEM, and flow cytometry studies in HeLa cells. It was observed that the treatment of fraction revealed fragmentation of DNA, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies in a dose-dependent manner. The fraction also showed a remarkable increase in the level of ROS, mitochondrial depolarization and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and induction in the phosphatidylserine externalization analyzed using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay in HeLa cells. Kaempferol, Ellagic acid, and Epicatechin are the major phytoconstituents present in the fraction as revealed by the HPLC. The treatment of n-hexane fraction showed downregulation in the gene expression of Bcl-2 and upregulation in the expression level of p53, Bad, and caspase-3 genes analyzed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR in HeLa cells. These results suggest that n-hexane fraction from C. fistula inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells efficiently by the induction of apoptosis. Graphical abstract.Experiments conducted over a period of 6 weeks using Brassica napus callus cells grown in vitro under Eu(III) or U(VI) stress showed that B. napus cells were able to bioassociate both potentially toxic metals (PTM), 628 nmol Eu/gfresh cells and 995 nmol U/gfresh cells. Most of the Eu(III) and U(VI) was found to be enriched in the cell wall fraction. Under high metal stress (200 μM), cells responded with reduced cell viability and growth. Subsequent speciation analyses using both metals as luminescence probes confirmed that B. napus callus cells provided multiple-binding environments for Eu(III) and U(VI). Moreover, two different inner-sphere Eu3+ species could be distinguished. For U(VI), a dominant binding by organic and/or inorganic phosphate groups of the plant biomass can be concluded.The effect of dairy manure amendments to agricultural soil on the yield-scaled nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions remains unclear. We hypothesize that an optimum ratio of dairy manure to synthetic fertilizers leads to large nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and small yield-scaled N2O emissions. The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the variations in the crop yields and N2O emissions from winter wheat-summer maize cropping systems in Northwest China, (2) determine the responses of the NUE and yield-scaled N2O emission to the ratio of organic materials to synthetic fertilizers, and (3) evaluate the relationship between the NUE and yield-scaled N2O emissions. Field measurements were conducted within long- and short-term fertilization experiments between the years of 2014 and 2016. Treatments included synthetic fertilizers, synthetic fertilizers plus crop residues, and synthetic fertilizers plus dairy manure at both sites. The annual grain yields and N2O emissions varied from 13.3 to 18.0 Mg ha-1 and from 1.3 to 3.6 kg N ha-1, respectively, across the treatments. The yield-scaled N2O emissions related negatively to the NUE, suggesting that agronomic aims of improving NUE are an effective approach to mitigate N2O emissions. The ratio of organic materials to synthetic fertilizers was not a significant limit on the NUE and yield-scaled N2O emissions. Tamoxifen price We conclude that organic amendments appeared to play a minor influence on the promotion of the NUE and N2O mitigation.Exploring fiscal reform's pollution effect draws increasing attention. Our paper brings a new perspective, i.e., the vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) perspective, to study such issue. With the panel data of China's provincial level from 1999 to 2016, we reveal whether and how VFI affects environmental pollution. We find that VFI significantly enhances the environmental pollution level of China. As the VFI increases, environmental pollution effect caused by VFI appears to be aggravated. According to the transmission path check, we confirm in our paper that VFI can indirectly lead to environmental degradation by affecting the two channels environmental regulation and industrial transformation. Further, through the sub-sample regressions, we find that the impacts of VFI on environmental pollution as well as the transmission paths are regionally heterogeneous. Finally, we believe that using the VFI as a variable to explore fiscal reform's effect on environment is of rationality, and for a better environmental quality, VFI should be avoided.The deposition of toxic metals in the ecosystem contributes to the exposure and bioaccumulation of metals in the food chain, thus affecting human health. This study aimed to access the distribution of metal pollution emitted from automobiles in the dust, soil, and plant samples collected from the roadsides of national highways. Furthermore, metals were also determined in fuels and vehicular emissions. High contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were found in roadsides as compared to control (35 km away from roads). The comparison among plants indicated that Calotropis procera and Rumex dentatus contained significantly higher metals than other plants. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Fe in plants were above the safe limits of the WHO/FAO. Significant and positive correlations were found between Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the dust and soil samples and Cd and Cr in dust and plants. According to the results of the PCA analysis, all metals formed the first two components explaining 89.5% of the total variance. The source of these metals was attributed to automobile exhaust and dust depositions. The findings of the present study suggest that roadside plants are heavily infested with heavy metals due to vehicular smoke pollution, so the consumption of vegetation facing vehicular pollution may lead to certain physiological disorders and diseases. Graphical abstract.