Nymanndjurhuus7325

For over a century, ionising radiation has been used to treat cancer based on its cytotoxic effects on tumour cells. Technical progress has enabled more precise targeting of the tumour to reduce normal tissue toxicity while delivering higher radiation doses per fraction of treatment.In 1953, unexpected regression in lesions outside of the irradiated field were noted by an observant physician, RH Mole, who named such phenomenon "abscopal effect" from the Latin ab (position away from) and scopus (mark or target), in an article published in this journal. Clinical abscopal responses have been reported over the years but because of their very rare occurrence they could not be methodically studied, remaining akin to a curiosity. Nevertheless, their occurrence has ignited interest in studying the systemic effects of radiotherapy. Progress in dissecting the mechanisms that govern the function of the immune system in cancer has enabled to study the implication of immunity in the abscopal effect of radiation. It has become clear that ionising radiation activates canonical pathways of response to viral infections, and can stimulate antitumour immunity. These immune stimulatory effects of radiation have become clinically relevant in the current era of cancer immunotherapy, rendering abscopal responses in patients an attainable aim. Here, we will briefly review the parallel evolutions of two separate fields of medicine, radiation therapy and cancer immunology, and discuss their therapeutic partnership.Importance Intraoperative videography is widely used to record rhinoplasty procedures, yet little is known about the optimal surgical vantage points at critical procedural steps. Objective To assess commonly used camera angles in public and proprietary intraoperative rhinoplasty videos and discuss approaches to obtaining these viewing angles. Design Public and propriety rhinoplasty videos were reviewed and categorized based on procedure type, specific area(s) of focus, and camera angles utilized at a series of critical operative steps. The most commonly used camera angles were recorded and assessed based on surgical field visualization and the authors' personal recording experiences. Results Of the 114 videos that met inclusion criteria, 49 were full-length open rhinoplasty procedures, 20 full-length endonasal rhinoplasty procedures, 17 tip techniques, 8 opening techniques, 7 fashioning grafts, 7 osteotomies, and 6 cartilage harvests. With respective to footage acquisition, the upward camera angle was most frequently used for recording, and endoscopic view was least frequently used. Conclusions and Relevance These findings demonstrate that there is extensive variability in camera angles between surgical films. Moreover, many of these camera angles are insufficient due to obstruction by surgical staff, inability to visualize deep structures, and difficulty capturing the three-dimensional nasal framework. A guide indicating the best viewing angles for different aspects of the procedure would be useful to optimize educational videos. Level of Evidence NA.Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been repeatedly linked to future problem drinking. Depression has been identified as a potential factor contributing to problematic alcohol use in maltreated individuals. However, depression has been operationalized as the presence or number of depression symptoms in the majority of previous studies. The role of other relevant measures of depression, such as depressive implicit associations, is not well understood.Objectives The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the mediating role of both depression symptoms and depressive implicit associations.Methods A community sample of young adults (N = 208, mean age = 19.7, 78.4% females) completed self-report measures of CM, depression symptoms, and problem drinking. Depressive implicit associations were assessed by a computer-based implicit association test (IAT). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the direct link between CM and problem drinking as well as indirect links through depression symptoms and depressive implicit associations.Results CM was significantly associated with both depression symptoms (β = 0.35, p less then  .001) and depressive implicit associations (β = 0.36, p less then  .001). Additionally, CM was associated with problem drinking indirectly via depression symptoms during young adulthood (β = .06, p = .019).Conclusion Our study provides evidence for the role of depression symptoms, but not for depressive implicit associations, in linking CM and problem drinking. Treating depression in individuals with a history of CM may help to prevent problem drinking in this vulnerable population.OBJECTIVES To investigate the longitudinal changes of the imaging TMJ characteristics in young patients with TMJ-related symptoms and treated with non-surgical methods. The severity of self-reported symptoms at follow-up was also investigated. METHODS A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)/CT follow-up examination (median follow-up 4.1 (1.3-6.4) years) was performed in 22 patients with erosive TMJ abnormalities (baseline median age 16 (12-18) years). this website Imaging characteristics were analyzed and the changes between the examinations were categorized as (A) improvement, (B) no change, or (C) worsening. Severity of follow-up symptoms was evaluated using Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-8) and Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) (grade 0-IV). Analyses were performed separately for left and right TMJ. Findings at baseline and follow-up were compared using McNemar test to account for dependencies. Changes in proportions of hard tissue findings between examinations were assessed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULTS A significant reduction in the proportion of patients with erosive abnormalities was found (59.1%, 95% CI [36.4-79.3] %). Baseline erosions improved in 9/12 (75%) right and 14/15 (93%) left TMJs. About half repaired; developed an intact cortical outline. Number of joints with osteophytes increased (right p less then 0.04, left p less then 0.003). New osteophytes were mostly found in joints with erosive findings. Low or no limitation of jaw function (JFLS) was found in 12/22 (55%) and no or low intensity of pain (GCPS grade 0 or I) in 19/22 (86%) at follow-up. CONCLUSION We found a high potential for repair of erosive TMJ abnormalities. However, the patient series was small. The majority of patients assessed their symptom severity at follow-up as low.