Nymanddecker0731

Metagenomic sequencing was used to reveal the dynamic changes in microbiota and the metabolic functions in corncob composting for preparing cultivation medium of Pleurotus ostreatus. Results showed that the changes of physicochemical properties lead to different dominant phylum at different stages of composting. PF-04418948 order Firmicutes replaced Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum at thermophilic stage. Correlation analysis indicated that the succession of microbiota was significantly affected by the C/N ratio, pH, temperature and organic matters in compost. The changes in community inevitably lead to the differences of metabolic functions. Metabolism analysis indicated that carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism were relatively higher in thermophilic stage. Conversely, the metabolism of starch, sucrose, galactose, ascorbate was mainly detected in the late stage. The metabolisms of different stages were driven by different microorganisms. Overall, these findings deepened our understanding of metabolic functions, and it is of great value to the metabolomics research of composting system. BACKGROUND Duloxetine administered during the acute perioperative period has been associated with lesser postoperative pain and analgesic consumption. STUDY OBJECTIVES The study aimed to quantify the pooled effects of duloxetine on postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, and side-effects in the first 48 postoperative (PO) hours. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. SETTING Postoperative pain management. PATIENTS Adult patients undergoing elective surgery. Search strategy and study selection. Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched without language restrictions for prospective, parallel randomized controlled trials comparing duloxetine to placebo for the management of postoperative pain in adult patients. MEASUREMENTS Pain scores (11-point scales), opioid consumption (i.v. morphine equivalents), and frequency of side-effects were compared between duloxetine and placebo. Effect sizes were summarized as mean differences (MD), standardized mean differences (SMD) or risk rattcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although statistically significant effects of duloxetine were found on postoperative pain and opioid consumption during the first 48 postoperative hours, the effect sizes were below the expected minimal clinically relevant differences. Also, high risk-of-bias and inter-study heterogeneity caused the very-low quality of evidence (GRADE). We conclude that the currently available evidence does not support the clinical use of duloxetine for the management of acute postoperative pain. STUDY OBJECTIVE Regional anesthesia improves postoperative analgesia and enhances the quality of recovery (QoR) after surgery. We examine the efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on QoR after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Single institution, tertiary university hospital. PATIENTS Adult patients who scheduled for VATS under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. INTERVENTIONS We randomly allocated patients to receive preoperative ultrasound-guided ESPB with 25 ml of either 0.5% ropivacaine (ESPB group) or normal saline (Control group). MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was QoR as measured by the 40-item QoR questionnaire (QoR-40) score at postoperative day 1. Secondary results were post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge time, acute postoperative pain, cumulative opioid consumption, the incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting (PONV), and patient satisfaction. MAIN RESULTS The global QoR-40 score at postoperative day 1 (median, interquartile range) was significantly higher in the ESPB group (174, 170 to 177) than the control group (161.5, 160 to 165), estimated median difference 11 (95% CI 9 to 13, P  less then  0.001). Compared with the control group, single-injection of ESPB reduced PACU discharge time, acute postoperative pain, and cumulative opioid consumption. Correspondingly, the median patient satisfaction scores were higher in the ESPB group than the control group (9 versus 7, P  less then  0.001). CONCLUSION Preoperative single-injection thoracic ESPB with ropivacaine improves QoR, postoperative analgesia, and patient satisfaction after VATS. Coherence is a distinctive feature in well-written documents. One method to study coherence is to analyze how sentences are ordered in a document. In Multi-document Summarization, sentences from different sources need to be ordered. Cluster-based ordering algorithms aim to study various themes or topics that are present in a set of sentences. After the clusters of sentences have been identified, sentences are ordered within each cluster in isolation. One challenge that remains is to order these clusters or paragraphs to obtain a coherent ordering of information. Inspired by the success of deep neural networks in several NLP tasks, we propose an RNN-based encoder-decoder system to predict order for a given set of loose clusters or paragraphs. Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) is used to encode paragraphs into high dimensional embeddings, which are then fed into an LSTM encoder and consecutively passed to a pointer network, which finally outputs the paragraph order. Since Wikipedia is a source of well- structured articles, it is used to generate multiple datasets. Based on our experimental results, the proposed model satisfactorily outperforms the baseline model across multiple datasets. We observe a two-fold increase in Kendall's tau values for the final paragraph orderings. Spatial navigation depends on the combination of multiple sensory cues from idiothetic and allothetic sources. The computational mechanisms of mammalian brains in integrating different sensory modalities under uncertainty for navigation is enlightening for robot navigation. We propose a Bayesian attractor network model to integrate visual and vestibular inputs inspired by the spatial memory systems of mammalian brains. In the model, the pose of the robot is encoded separately by two sub-networks, namely head direction network for angle representation and grid cell network for position representation, using similar neural codes of head direction cells and grid cells observed in mammalian brains. The neural codes in each of the sub-networks are updated in a Bayesian manner by a population of integrator cells for vestibular cue integration, as well as a population of calibration cells for visual cue calibration. The conflict between vestibular cue and visual cue is resolved by the competitive dynamics between the two populations.