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In subjects with reversed DA blood flow there was lower common carotid artery blood flow (forward 37.5 ± 9.0; reversed 20.0 ± 7.4 ml/min per kg; p = 0.032). Linear regression revealed that as net DA flow decreases, common carotid artery flow decreases (R2 = 0.32, p = 0.004), and left (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.003) and right (R2 = 0.34, p = 0.003) pulmonary artery flow increases. Bidirectional DA blood flow changed oxygen saturation as determined by MRI between the ascending and descending aorta (ascending aorta 90.1% ± 8.4%; descending aorta 75.6% ± 14.2%; p less then 0.05). Expanded use of these techniques in preterm animal models will aid in providing new understandings of normal versus abnormal DA transition, as well as to test the effectiveness of related clinical interventions.Cognitive researchers often carve cognition up into structures and processes. Cognitive processes operate on structures, like vehicles driving over a map. Language alongside semantic and episodic memory are proposed to have structure, as are perceptual systems. Over these structures, processes operate to construct memory and solve problems by retrieving and manipulating information. Network science offers an approach to representing cognitive structures and has made tremendous inroads into understanding the nature of cognitive structure and process. But is the mind a network? If so, what kind? In this article, we briefly review the main metaphors, assumptions, and pitfalls prevalent in cognitive network science (maps and vehicles; one network/process to rule them all), highlight the need for new metaphors that elaborate on the map-and-vehicle framework (wormholes, skyhooks, and generators), and present open questions in studying the mind as a network (the challenge of capturing network change, what should the edges of cognitive networks be made of, and aggregated vs. individual-based networks). One critical lesson of this exercise is that the richness of the mind as network approach makes it a powerful tool in its own right; it has helped to make our assumptions more visible, generating new and fascinating questions, and enriching the prospects for future research. A second lesson is that the mind as a network-though useful-is incomplete. The mind is not a network, but it may contain them.

Children diagnosed with haematological and oncology conditions spend long periods of time undergoing treatments in hospital. Treatments are intensive and may include combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and bone marrow transplants. This often means that they have prolonged hospital stays away from family, friends and familiar environments.

We aimed at starting an activity group and learning centre based in the hospital setting for children undergoing treatment for haematological and oncology conditions.

The activity group and learning centre was set up in a tertiary care hospital under the department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with the support of a local NGO called 'Samiksha Foundation' in Bangalore, India. Children who participated in the programme engaged in learning through participation in the activity groups which engaged in academic and non-academic activities. The activity group and learning centre was piloted in April and May of 2019. During tve. We hope that by sharing data from our centre, more paediatric units may be able to implement such groups for children.

To explore factors affecting the efficacy of Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasia.

A retrospective study was conducted on 44 patients with hip dysplasia who underwent Bernese periacetabular osteotomy with a modified Smith-Peterson approach between January 2017 and November 2019. Among them, 40 were women and four were men. The average age was 31.2 ± 9.4. Preoperative and postoperative imaging parameters were measured. The acetabular top tilt angle, lateral central edge angle, acetabular abduction angle, femoral head extrusion index, sphericity index of femoral head, Shenton line, Tonnis grade of osteoarthritis, joint congruency, p/a ratio, acetabular anteversion angle, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale scores, and modified Harris hip score (MHHS) were observed. MHHS were divided into three clinically relevant categories poor (<70 points), good (70-85 points), and excellent (86-91 points). Patient demographic data, as well as preodified Harris hip score of a hip joint with a preoperative lateral center edge angle ≥4.5° being classified as excellent was six times that of angles <4.5° (Exp[β] 6.249, 95% CI 1.03-37.85, P = 0.046). Regression analysis of other factors found no significant correlation with postoperative functional scores.

Overall functional scores post-PAO significantly improved, and pain symptoms were significantly reduced. Patients with a preoperative lateral center edge angle ≥4.5° had better joint function after surgery.

Overall functional scores post-PAO significantly improved, and pain symptoms were significantly reduced. Patients with a preoperative lateral center edge angle ≥4.5° had better joint function after surgery.This editorial summarizes the manuscript by Brassard and colleagues entitled, "Losing the dogmatic view of cerebral autoregulation". The main take-home message is that the cerebral autoregulatory plateau is much smaller than previously accepted and needs to be re-introduced as such.

Sarcopenia widely exists in elderly people and triggers numerous age-related events. The essential pathologic change lies in the increased intramuscular adipose tissue after aging with no exception to non-obese objects. Pim1 appears to be associated with adipogenic differentiation in recent studies, inspiring us to explore whether it regulates adipogenesis in aging muscles and affects sarcopenia.

Wild-type and Pim1 knockout C57/BL6J mice were randomized into young and old groups. Histo-pathological and molecular biological methods were applied to assess the intramuscular adipose tissue content, the atrophy and regeneration, and the expressions of Pim1 and adipogenic transcription factors. PDGFRα

mesenchymal progenitors were separated and their replicative aging model were established. Different time of adipogenic induction and different amounts of Pim1 inhibitor were applied, after which the adipogenic potency were evaluated. The expressions of Pim1 and adipogenic transcription factors were measured thrng cells after 6days of adipogenic induction (P<0.0001). The Pim1 expression was elevated during adipogenic differentiation, and Pim1 inhibition significantly reduced the OD510 in senescent cells (P=0.0040) by inhibiting the C/EBPδ pathway (P=0.0047).

Pim1 knockout exerted protective effects in sarcopenia by inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα

mesenchymal progenitors induced by C/EBPδ activation and thus reducing the intramuscular adipose tissue content in aging mice. These results provide a potential target for the treatment of sarcopenia.

Pim1 knockout exerted protective effects in sarcopenia by inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors induced by C/EBPδ activation and thus reducing the intramuscular adipose tissue content in aging mice. These results provide a potential target for the treatment of sarcopenia.

We assess the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Moreover, we delineate risk factors for urine retention in such patients.

All COVID-19 infected males were expeditiously evaluated. All enrolled patients were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, and pelvi-abdominal ultrasonography for prostate volume and postvoiding residual urine (PVR) estimation.

Fifty patients, who were diagnosed with BPH, were enrolled. The mean age (±SD) was 62.64 ± 7.69. In the pre- and post-COVID-19 group, the mean (±SD) IPSS was 13.42 ± 4.32 and 26.62 ± 5.77, respectively (P < .001), while PVR was 90.40 ± 32.75 and 185.42 ± 73.42, respectively (P < .001), and maximum flow rate was 14.40 ± 2.75 and 10.74 ± 3.43, respectively (P < .004). After infection with COVID-19, 13 (26%) patients were managed by urethral catheter fixation owing to urine retention. On bivariate analysis, age, retention post COVID-19 infection.Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 25.5 % have been reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Thus, they have shown great potential for commercial applications. Therefore, simplifying technological process and reducing production costs have been a widespread concern among scientific and industrial communities. In this study, PSCs are prepared with the simplest device architecture (FTO/MAPbI3 /carbon). A high-quality perovskite film with few interface defects and good carrier transport is obtained by tuning the p-n properties, matching energy levels, and enhancing carrier collection and transport. A PCE of 12.01 % is achieved, which is the best reported to date for this device structure. The device also shows excellent long-term stability, owing to the elimination of charge transport layers and the usage of hydrophobic materials. This study provides a new approach to reduce production costs and simplify production of PSCs.The recently isolated methanogen Methanonatronarchaeum thermophilum is an extremely haloalkaliphilic and moderately thermophilic archaeon and belongs to the novel class Methanonatronarchaeia in the phylum Halobacteriota. The knowledge about the physiology and biochemistry of members of the class Methanonatronarchaeia is still limited. It is known that M. thermophilum performs hydrogen or formate-dependent methyl-reducing methanogenesis. 3-Deazaadenosine order Here, we show that the organism was able to grow on all tested C1 -methylated substrates (methanol, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, monomethylamine) in combination with formate or molecular hydrogen. A temporary accumulation of intermediates (dimethylamine or/and monomethylamine) in the medium occurred during the consumption of trimethylamine or dimethylamine. The energy conservation of M. thermophilum was dependent on a respiratory chain consisting of a hydrogenase (VhoGAC), a formate dehydrogenase (FdhGHI), and a heterodisulfide reductase (HdrDE) that were well adapted to the harsh physicochemical conditions in the natural habitat. The experiments revealed the presence of two variants of energy-conserving oxidoreductase systems in the membrane. These included the H2 heterodisulfide oxidoreductase system, which has already been described in Methanosarcina species, as well as the novel formate heterodisulfide oxidoreductase system. The latter electron transport chain, which was experimentally proven for the first time, distinguishes the organism from all other known methanogenic archaea and represents a unique feature of the class Methanonatronarchaeia. Experiments with 2-hydroxyphenazine and the inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride indicated that a methanophenazine-like cofactor might function as an electron carrier between the hydrogenase/ formate dehydrogenase and the heterodisulfide reductase.