Nyborgbuus2160
To develop an accelerated postprocessing pipeline for reproducible and efficient assessment of white matter lesions using quantitative magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) and deep learning.
MRF using echo-planar imaging (EPI) scans with varying repetition and echo times were acquired for whole brain quantification of
T
1
and
T
2
∗
in 50 subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 10 healthy volunteers along 2 centers. MRF
T
1
and
T
2
∗
parametric maps were distortion corrected and denoised. A CNN was trained to reconstruct the
T
1
and
T
2
∗
parametric maps, and the WM and GM probability maps.
Deep learning-based postprocessing reduced reconstruction and image processing times from hours to a few seconds while maintaining high accuracy, reliability, and precision. Mean absolute error performed the best for
T
1
(deviations 5.6%) and the logarithmic hyperbolic cosinus loss the best for
T
2
∗
(deviations 6.0%).
MRF is a fast and robust tool for quantitative
T
1
and
T
2
∗
mapping. Its long reconstruction and several postprocessing steps can be facilitated and accelerated using deep learning.
MRF is a fast and robust tool for quantitative T 1 and T 2 ∗ mapping. Its long reconstruction and several postprocessing steps can be facilitated and accelerated using deep learning.Awe is a self-transcendent emotion that exerts a powerful impact on the self. Through diminishing the ego, awe may help cultivate interconnection, wisdom, meaning, and purpose.
Increasing research shows that the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is associated with a higher rate and quantity of alcohol consumption.
The present study used a 2-session, within-subjects design to experimentally examine the relationship between ENDS use and laboratory ad libitum alcohol consumption. A total of N=31 (mean age=28.71, SD=11.17; 45.2% women; 54.8% White/Caucasian) healthy adults from the community who use ENDS and endorsed liking beer completed the study, which included a beer consumption taste-test task that assessed the volume of beer consumed by the participants across 2 counterbalanced sessions 1 in which concurrent ENDS use was allowed and 1 in which it was not. All analyses controlled for age, race, and gender.
The effect of ENDS condition on the volume of beer consumed was not statistically significant, F(1, 30)=0.03, p=0.86). Results of linear mixed modeling showed that ENDS puffs were significantly related to alcohol sips (estimate=0.23, SE=0.07, p=0.002) across the ad libitum session.
Overall, ENDS use did not increase alcohol consumption; however, the data suggest that ENDS puffs might act as a prime for beer sips or that these 2 behaviors are linked through habit. Future studies should more fully measure and compare global and event-level data on ENDS and alcohol use as they might show disparate patterns of relationships.
Overall, ENDS use did not increase alcohol consumption; however, the data suggest that ENDS puffs might act as a prime for beer sips or that these 2 behaviors are linked through habit. Future studies should more fully measure and compare global and event-level data on ENDS and alcohol use as they might show disparate patterns of relationships.
Cigarette smoking and occupational exposures each have been reported to increase the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease previously considered of unknown origin. We investigated the risk of IPF mortality associated with combined smoking and occupational exposures.
A registry study of Swedish construction workers (N = 389,132), linked baseline smoking and occupational data with registry data on cause of death and hospital care diagnoses. Occupation was classified by the likelihood of exposure to vapors, gases, dusts, or fumes using a job-exposure matrix. Those likely exposed to asbestos or silica were excluded from the analysis. Age-adjusted relative risks [RRs] were calculated using Poisson regression. Follow-up observation began at age 40 and ended at age 89.
Heavy smokers at baseline who were exposed to inorganic dusts during their working life had an increased risk of IPF mortality (RR 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.60), while there was no statistically increased risk in the other exposure groups. There were dose-response relationships between smoking at baseline and IPF mortality among both unexposed and dust exposed workers, with similar risk for dust exposed and unexposed, except among baseline heavy smokers, where workers exposed to inorganic dust manifested the highest risk (RR 4.22; 95% CI 2.69-6.60). Excluding workers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema did not affect the results substantively.
A clear dose-response relationship was seen between smoking at baseline and IPF, supporting a causal relationship. Occupational exposure to inorganic dusts, excluding silica and asbestos, was associated with increased risk of IPF in baseline heavy current smokers.
A clear dose-response relationship was seen between smoking at baseline and IPF, supporting a causal relationship. Occupational exposure to inorganic dusts, excluding silica and asbestos, was associated with increased risk of IPF in baseline heavy current smokers.Traumatic experiences have consistently been linked to poor health and well-being, particularly in women. Psychological factors have been theorized to directly affect the reporting of physical symptoms and perceptions of general health. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been proposed as a major pathway through which trauma affects health and emotion dysregulation. Trauma is considered to be a key psychological variable in the pathogenesis of PTSD. Fortunately, not all women who have experienced trauma manifest adverse effects. Resilience acts as a psychological protective variable following trauma. The present study tested a hypothetical model of the contribution of resilience, emotional dysregulation, and PTSD symptoms to physical and psychological well-being in a large sample of trauma-exposed women. AR-13324 chemical structure A transversal study with 753 female participants is used. Structural modeling was used to test linear associations between variables. After experiencing trauma, resilience was negatively and significantly associated with emotional dysregulation, which, in turn, was positively associated with PTSD symptoms.
