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m. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a term used to describe a group of inflammatory disorders beginning before the age of 16 years. Although for the majority of children remission is achieved early, those with systemic or polyarticular form of the disease may present persistent symptoms in adulthood. Considering that there is overlap in the pathogenesis of JIA with adult rheumatic diseases, concerns have been raised as to whether JIA patients could be at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in the long-term. In this review, we summarize evidence for CV involvement in JIA and present data on CV risk factors and surrogate markers of arterial disease. We also provide information on beneficial and harmful CV effects of antiinflammatory medications in the context of JIA and suggest strategies for CV screening. Overall, patients with systemic forms of JIA demonstrate an adverse lipid profile and early arterial changes relevant to accelerated arterial disease progression. Although there is paucity of data on CV outcomes, we recommend a holistic approach in the management of JIA patients which includes CV risk factor monitoring and lifestyle modification as well as use, when necessary, of anti-inflammatory therapies with documented CV safety. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on admission was reported to be a predictor of pneumonia after stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between temporal change of NLR and poststroke infection, and whether infection modify the effect of NLR on outcome. METHODS We enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 h after onset. Blood was collected on admission, day 1, 3, 7 after admission to detect white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Primary outcomes included pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), other infection, and secondary outcome was 3-month death. RESULTS Of 798 stroke patients, 299 (37.66%) developed infection with 240 (30.23%) pneumonia, 78 (9.82%) UTI, and 9 (1.13%) other infection. The median time of infection occurrence was 48 h (interquartile range 27-74 h) after onset. NLR reached to the peak at 36 h. For all outcomes, NLR at 36 h after stroke had the highest predictive value than WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte. NLR was independently associated with the presence of any infection (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.17), pneumonia (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.05-1.19), but not UTI (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.89-1.01). Adding infection or the interaction term did not substantially change the OR of NLR predicting 3-month death (OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.01, 1.17). CONCLUSION Increased NLR around 36 h after stroke was a predictor of infection in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The increased NLR value was associated with a higher risk of 3-month death, which was independent of poststroke infection. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Glioblastoma, most common primary brain tumor has been recognized as a one of the most lethal and fatal human tumors, which has a dismal prognosis with an average life duration not more than 15 months and end up with surgery and radiotherapy which ideally suggest a hope to escape an underprivileged diagnosis. find more As aimed at, numerous strategies were currently believed to upgrade in-vivo and in-vitro models with the definite goal of researching new molecular abnormal pathways, suitable for targeting by different of therapeutic approaches, including novel drugs, delivery systems and immunotherapy strategies with better kind of tumor biology of brain tumors that setup new directions in new multimodal therapy by aiming the molecular pathways involved in tumor initiations and progression. The goal of this review is to describe the tumor pathophysiology, neurodegeneration mechanism and signaling pathways and future targets. Current review critically focuses on key features of glioma to provide up-to-date summary of the advancement needed in current diagnosis and therapeutics and the role of nanoparticulate system Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) used as a future medicine and scope of drugless treatment. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are a subpopulation of tumor cells found in many human cancers that are endowed with self-renewal and pluripotency. CSCs may be more resistant to conventional anticancer therapies than average cancer cells, as they can easily escape the cytotoxic effects of standard chemotherapy, thereby resulting in tumor relapse. Despite significant progresses in related research, effective elimination of CSCs remains an unmet clinical need. CSCs are localized in a specialized microenvironment termed the niche, which plays a pivotal role in cancer multidrug resistance. The niche components of CSCs, such as the extracellular matrix, also physically shelter CSCs from therapeutic agents. Colorectal cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and presents a relatively clear process of cancer initiation and development, making it an ideal model for CSC niche research. Here, we review recent advances in the field of CSCs using colorectal cancer as an example to illustrate the potential therapeutic value of targeting the CSC niche. These findings not only provide a novel theoretical basis for in-depth discussions on tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis evaluation, but also provide new strategies for the targeted treatment of cancer. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Inflammation is a complex process arises due to the host defense system against different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. These are health threatening problems world widely accepted and emerged due to the existence of inflammatory response which may turn into deleterious effects on cellular environment. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for augmentation of inflammation through implying various molecular pathways. Available therapy of such ailments leave debilitating effects than disease itself, suggesting looking forward a safer compound, exerts less toxic effects and must be cost-effective therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, it is a dire need to look forward alternative therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases. METHODS This review article extends the knowledge and regulatory mechanism of flavonoids targetinoverlook alternative suitable compound providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting less side effects than commercially available anti-inflammatory drugs. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes mellitus is considered the 7th leading cause of death from as of 2016, whilealmost half of all deaths related to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70. According to the 2019 American Diabetes Association's (ADA) guidelines, metformin is the first-line treatment for patients with Type 2 diabetes. Additional therapy is dependent on multiple patientspecific factors including cardiovascular risks, risk of hypoglycemia, metabolic changes, and cost. The objective of this systematic review is to analyze variables of interest in Type 2 diabetes including fasting blood glucose (FBG), post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), microvascular complications, and cardiovascular outcomes in order to determine the shift towards the newer class of medications for type 2 diabetes. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using ScienceDirect as the primary source of obtaining articles. This review used PRISMA for reporting and GRACE ination, but changes were less significant than glipizide. However, hypoglycemic events in patients who were taking glipizide with metformin versus saxagliptin with metformin; 13.4% of patients achieved HbA1c less then 7% without hypoglycemic events compared to the 22.2% of patients who achieved an HbA1c of less then 7% without hypoglycemic events. CONCLUSION Despite the higher efficacious characteristics of sulfonylureas in lowering HbA1c, due to its reported hypoglycemic effects, DPP-4 inhibitors may be considered as a clinically stable choice for second-line therapy after completing maximally tolerated doses of metformin.. Sulfonylureas is considered better than DPP4 inhibitors for treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease history and low of hypoglycemia. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Background：Hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure that is able to absorb large amount of water/liquid and maintain its original structure. Hemicellulose (HC) is the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose in plants and a heterogeneous polysaccharide consisting of various saccharide units. The unique physical and chemical properties of hemicellulose make it a promising material for hydrogels. METHODS This review first summarizes the three research hotspots on the hemicellulose-based hydrogels intelligence, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Overviews the progress in the fabrication and applications of hemicellulose hydrogels in drug delivery system and tissue engineering (articular cartilage, cell immobilization, and wound dressing). RESULTS Hemicellulose-based hydrogels have many unique properties, such as stimuli-responsibility, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Interpenetrating networking can endow appropriate mechanical properties to hydrogels. These properties make the hemicellulose-based hydrogels promising materials in biomedical applications such as drug delivery system and tissue engineering (articular cartilage, cell immobilization, and wound dressing). CONCLUSION Hydrogels have been widely used in biomedicine and tissue engineering areas, such as tissue fillers, drug release agents, enzyme encapsulation, protein electrophoresis, contact lenses, artificial plasma, artificial skin, and tissue engineering scaffold materials. This article reviews the recent progress in the fabrication and applications of hemicellulose-based hydrogels in the biomedical field. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Individual and collaborative efforts are being made worldwide in search of effective chemical or natural drugs with less severe side-effects for treatment of cancer. Due to the specificity and selectivity properties of lectins for saccharides, several plant lectins are known to induce cytotoxicity into tumor cells. OBJECTIVE To study the antiproliferative activity of two N-acetyl galactosamine specific plant lectins from seeds of Bauhinia purpurea and Wisteria floribunda against MCF-7 Breast cancer cell lines. METHODS MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase-3 assays and flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis were performed. RESULTS The agglutinins BPL and WFL; 446 μgml-1 (2.2 μM) and 329 μgml-1 (2.8 μM), respectively caused remarkable concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect on MCF-7. The effect was seen to be a consequence of binding of the lectin to the cell surface and triggering S and G2 phase arrest. Apoptosis induced was found to be associated with LDH leakage, cell cycle arrest and ROS generation.