Norrisdissing2211
Metal halide perovskites have unique optical and electrical properties, which make them an excellent class of materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications. However, it is with photovoltaic devices that this class of materials has reached the apotheosis of popularity, and is the massive interests of a large community of researchers that has led to a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5% only after 10 years from their first use. Nevertheless, such high performance is achieved with Pb-based compounds, which are toxic to the environment. Therefore, in the last years a considerable research effort has been focused to substitute Pb with other less toxic group IVA metals. Sn-based perovskites are the most promising alternative because of their band-gap close to the optimal value for photovoltaic applications, the strong optical absorption, and the good charge carrier mobilities. Nevertheless, the low defect tolerance, the fast crystallization, and the oxidative instability of tin halide perovskites has confined till now the power conversion efficiency to much lower values of the one obtained with Pb-based perovskites. We believe that fundamental understanding of the electronic properties and of the film formation process is imperative to bring Sn-based devices at the level of Pb-based one. With this review we aim to give a detailed overview of the crystallographic, photophysical, and optoelectronic properties of Sn-based perovskite compounds in their multiple forms from the 3D systems till low dimensional structures. At the end, recent progresses in Sn-based perovskite solar cells are reviewed, mainly focusing on the detail of the strategies adopted to improve the device performances. For each sub-topic the current challenges and the outlook are discussed, with the aim to stimulate the community to address the most important issues in a concerted manner. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We read with great interest the recent paper by Nenoff et al. regarding the antimicrobial activity of nadifloxacin against Cutibacterium acnes strains isolated from patients with acne1 . However, we would like to add a few points relevant to the subject. Whether C. acnes remains the most prevalent microorganism involved in acne, phylotype determination and potential correlation with some resistant lineages would have been of interest, especially with phylotype IA1 and clonal complex CC32 . We agree that a significant number of resistance with erythromycin and clindamycin are found clinically.This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention programme in preventing loneliness and increasing self-efficacy and social participation among older women living alone in Spain. A sequential, nested experimental design was used, with a primary quantitative quasi-experimental pre-post study with a control group (CG) and a secondary qualitative study. A total of 48 women participated, and 34 of them (the experimental group, EG) received a 25-hour psychosocial support intervention delivered by volunteers who focused on three aspects conversation, attribution retraining and behavioural activation. The other women remained on the waiting list (CG = 14). The women (EG and CG) were all interviewed before and after the intervention and a follow-up of the EG was performed at 6 months (N = 25). Semi-structured interviews were used to collect sociodemographic and health-related data, as well as data on satisfaction with the programme and its benefits. Validated instruments were used to collecvent loneliness among older people.Dynamic control of structural colors across the visible spectrum with high brightness has proven to be a difficult challenge. Here, this is addressed with a tuneable reflective nano-optical cavity that uses an electroactive conducting polymer (poly(thieno[3,4-b]thiophene)) as spacer layer. Electrochemical doping and dedoping of the polymer spacer layer provides reversible tuning of the cavity's structural color throughout the entire visible range and beyond. Furthermore, the cavity provides high peak reflectance that varies only slightly between the reduced and oxidized states of the polymer. The results indicate that the polymer undergoes large reversible thickness changes upon redox tuning, aided by changes in optical properties and low visible absorption. The electroactive cavity concept may find particular use in reflective displays, by opening for tuneable monopixels that eliminate limitations in brightness of traditional subpixel-based systems.Powering lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by light-irradiation will bring a paradigm shift in energy-storage technologies. Herein, a photoaccelerated rechargeable LIB employing SnO2 /TiO2 heterojunction nanoarrays as a multifunctional anode is developed. The electron-hole pairs generated by the Lix TiO2 (x ≥ 0) under light irradiation synergistically enhance the lithiation kinetics and electrochemical reversibility of both SnO2 and TiO2 . Specifically, the electrons can quickly pour into the SnO2 and the generated Sn due to the more positive conduction band potentials (vs TiO2 ), and mean while the holes also promote the intercalation of Li+ into TiO2 by reaching charge balance. A remarkable increase in areal specific capacity is therefore achieved from 1.91 to 3.47 mAh cm-2 at 5 mA cm-2 . More impressively, there is no capacity loss even through 100 cycles, which is the best report for photorechargeable LIBs to date, owing to the strong and stable photoresponse current. This finding exhibits a feasible pathway to break the limitation in the energy density of LIBs by the efficient conversion and storage of solar energy.Catalytic cancer therapy based on nanozymes has recently attracted much interest. However, the types of the current nanozymes are limited and their efficiency is usually compromised and not sustainable in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, combination therapy involving additional therapeutics is often necessary and the resulting complication may jeopardize the practical feasibility. Herein, an unprecedented "all-in-one" Fe3 O4 /Ag/Bi2 MoO6 nanoparticle (FAB NP) is rationally devised to achieve synergistic chemodynamic, photodynamic, photothermal therapy with guidance by magnetic resonance, photoacoustic, and photothermal imaging. Based on its manifold nanozyme activities (mimicking peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione oxidase) and photodynamic property, cascaded nanocatalytic reactions are enabled and sustained in TME for outstanding therapeutic outcomes. The working mechanisms underlying the intraparticulate interactions, sustainability, and self-replenishment arising from the coupling between the nanocatalytic reactions and nanozyme activities are carefully revealed, providing new insights into the design of novel nanozymes for nanocatalytic therapy with high efficiency, good specificity, and low side effects.
To qualitatively explore potential experience among frontline nurses who had been fighting against the COVID-19 infection since the outbreak.
Disasters are often sudden and uncertain. Since the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan city, local frontline nurses had been responsible for treatment of COVID-19 for several months. Qualitative study was required to assess complex multi-component psychological experiences among frontline nurses.
20 local frontline nurses were recruited from a designated hospital of COVID-19 treatment. We conducted semi-structured interview using phenomenological method. Descriptive phenomenological method was applied for thematic analysis.
20 female front-line nurses (aged 24 to 43 years old) were interviewed. Two broader themes, negative and positive, were identified. Negative experience included refusal and helpless (refusal to work at frontline, shortage of confidence in working and helpless), fear and anxiety, excessive miss, and other health issues. Positive experience included improved interpersonal relationship, sublimation of personal faith and strength, changes in understanding meaning of life and new possibility.
Both positive and negative psychological response were observed, which can provide evidence based clues for making essential strategies and policy.
Understand subjective experience of frontline nurses can establish evidence for development of effective psychological intervention. Nursing administrator should consider the nurses' psychological experience comprehensively to promote psychological growth and lower post-traumatic psychological burden.
Understand subjective experience of frontline nurses can establish evidence for development of effective psychological intervention. Nursing administrator should consider the nurses' psychological experience comprehensively to promote psychological growth and lower post-traumatic psychological burden.
Recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) represents a significant global health burden with an unmet medical need. In this study we determined the safety and efficacy of RM-1929 photoimmunotherapy in patients with heavily pretreated rHNSCC.
RM-1929 (anti-EGFR-IR700 dye conjugate) was infused, followed by tumor illumination. We evaluated safety, tumor response, and pharmacokinetics.
Nine patients were enrolled in Part 1 (dose-finding) and 30 patients in Part 2 (safety and efficacy). No dose-limiting toxicities were experienced in Part 1; 640 mg/m
with fixed light dose (50 J/cm
or 100 J/cm) was recommended for Part 2. Epigenetic inhibitor concentration Adverse events (AEs) in Part 2 were mostly mild to moderate but 19 (63.3%) patients had AE ≥Grade 3, including 3 (10.0%) with serious AEs leading to death (not treatment related). Efficacy in Part 2 unconfirmed objective response rate (ORR) 43.3% (95% CI 25.46%-62.57%); confirmed ORR 26.7% (95% CI 12.28%-45.89%); median overall survival 9.30 months (95% CI 5.16-16.92 months).
Treatment was well tolerated. Responses and survival following RM-1929 photoimmunotherapy in heavily pretreated patients with rHNSCC were clinically meaningful and warrant further investigation.
NCT02422979.
NCT02422979.Although the introduction of dupilumab has revolutionized the management of atopic dermatitis (AD), dupilumab-associated ocular adverse events (DAOAE) represent the first cause for discontinuation of dupilumab.1-4 The exact pathogenesis of DAOAE events observed is unknown. We conducted a prospective study from October 2019 to June 2020 to determine the feasibility of cytokine analysis in tear fluid obtained by non-invasive capillarity from AD patients treated with dupilumab and to compare the inflammatory cytokine profiles before and during dupilumab treatment between patients with and without DAOAE.In 2020, the worldwide incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) were third and second, respectively. As the 5-y survival rate is low when CRC is diagnosed at an advanced stage, a reliable method to predict CRC susceptibility is important for preventing the onset and development and improving the prognosis of CRC. Therefore, we focused on the normal colonic mucosa to investigate changes in gene expression that may induce subsequent genetic alterations that induce malignant transformation. Comprehensive gene expression profiling in the normal mucosa adjacent to colon cancer (CC) compared with tissue from non-colon cancer patients was performed. PCR arrays and qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of 5 genes involved in the immune response, including MYD88, was increased in the normal mucosa of CC patients. The expression levels of MYD88 were strikingly increased in precancerous normal mucosa specimens, which harbored no somatic mutations, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Microarray analysis identified 2 novel RNA-controlling molecules, EXOSC3 and CNOT4, that were significantly upregulated in the normal mucosa of CC patients and were clearly visualized in the nuclei.
