Noonannissen7305

Afterwards, PD remarkably suppressed the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I(Col I), collagen III (Col III) and E-cadherin (E-cad).

PD attenuated proliferation and ECM accumulation in TGF-β1 induced lung fibroblasts, providing experimental support for the clinical application of PD in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis (Fig. 6, Ref. 33).

PD attenuated proliferation and ECM accumulation in TGF-β1 induced lung fibroblasts, providing experimental support for the clinical application of PD in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis (Fig. 6, Ref. 33).

Epithelial cells and macrophages play major roles in modulating the state of inlammatory response regulated by intracellular signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation related intracellular signalling pathways MAPKs and NF-κB in Caco-2 epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophage-like monocytes contacted and filter-seperated co-cultures in the presence of LPS stimulation.

We assessed the apoptosis and inflammation by measuring caspase-3 activity, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines, total and phosphorylated forms of intracellular signalling pathway molecules p53, JNK, Jun, ERK, p38, NF-κB p65 and IkB.

The contacted co-culture of Caco-2 and THP-1 cells represented higher levels of JNK, jun and p38 MAPK pathway proteins associated with cell proliferation, whereas apoptosis related molecule caspase-3 and p53 increased in the filter-separated co-culture condition. Also, the contacted co-culture condition led to proinflammatory changes in NF-κB signalling pathways and cytokine responses with high phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and TNF-α, and low I-κB and IL-10 levels.

Epithelia - monocytes co-culture stimulated with LPS regulated cell proliferation and inflammation in a contact dependent manner, whereas apoptosis was associated with non-contacted cell culture condition. Thus, co-culture models are important models for explaining the immunopathologies in the mucosal areas (Fig. 5, Ref. 30).

Epithelia - monocytes co-culture stimulated with LPS regulated cell proliferation and inflammation in a contact dependent manner, whereas apoptosis was associated with non-contacted cell culture condition. Thus, co-culture models are important models for explaining the immunopathologies in the mucosal areas (Fig. 5, Ref. 30).

We aimed to investigate the effects of juglone on angiogenesis, metastasis and cell proliferation processes in pancreatic cancer (PC) and to understand whether its possible effects occur via the Wnt signaling pathway by analyzing the expression levels of target genes of Wnt signaling.

PC is a silent and lethal cancer type which can only be detectable after metastasis and angiogenesis processes occured. The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the pathways that plays an active role in many biological processes in the cell. Mutations in the genes of this signaling pathway are related to the development of many cancers. Juglone, a natural compound, is shown to have cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on various cancer cells.

PANC-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells were treated with juglone at <IC50 doses (5, 10, 15, and 20 μM) for 24 h. Expression levels of MMP7, VEGF, TCF7L2, CCND1 genes were determined by RT-PCR. Cell migration evaluation after juglone treatments were done by a wound-healing assay.

Juglone seems to be able to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis by affecting the activity of Wnt signaling target genes in human PC cell lines.

Juglone has a promising potential to develop new strategies for the treatment of PC (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 35).

Juglone has a promising potential to develop new strategies for the treatment of PC (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 35).

The aim of the study is to evaluate the predictive value of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score for mortality in stable angina pectoris patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

We retrospectively analyzed 261 consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent CABG while not being on anticoagulant therapy. The patients were divided into two groups survivors and non-survivors. The MELD score was calculated for all patients. The all-cause mortality within postoperative 12 months was the primary end point of the study.

The follow-up period was 12 months. The non-survivors were older (72.0±6.1 vs 62.4±8.4, p<0.001). The MELD score was significantly higher in the non-survivors group(7.5±1.2 vs 6.7±0.7, p<0.001). The MELD score (p=0.001) was an independent predictor of postoperative one-year mortality. The addition of MELD score to EuroSCORE II significantly improved the prognostic performance of the EuroSCORE II (EuroSCORE II vs EuroSCORE II plus MELD score AUCs 0.792 vs 0.842).

Our research showed that the MELD score could be useful to predict mortality in patients who have stable coronary artery disease, and are undergoing CABG surgery (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 25).

Our research showed that the MELD score could be useful to predict mortality in patients who have stable coronary artery disease, and are undergoing CABG surgery (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 25).

The aim of this study was to examine the potential ameliorative effects of caffeic acid (CA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurodegeneration in a human SH-SY5Y cell line, as well as possible mechanisms involved.

Cell proliferation was evaluated by WST-1 assay. The apoptotic index was calculated by TUNEL Assay. Antioxidant parameters were studied by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity. The mRNA expression levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes were studied by qRT-PCRRESULTS In this study, the pre-treatment with CA significantly suppressed H2O2-stimulated cell death and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cell line. The mechanism by which CA pretreatment protected the cells from oxidative injury includes the decrease in ROS and LPO levels, increase in CAT activity, down-regulation of mRNA levels of Bax, cytochrome c, cas-3, cas-8, and p53, and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene.

These results reveal that CA plays a role in the protection from oxidative injury-triggered apoptosis, which makes CA a likely therapeutic compound for treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative injury (Fig. 5, Ref. 35).

These results reveal that CA plays a role in the protection from oxidative injury-triggered apoptosis, which makes CA a likely therapeutic compound for treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative injury (Fig. 5, Ref. 35).

Frailty is a common problem in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is considered to be associated with inflammation. Novel markers derived from hemogram, such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR), are proposed as inflammatory markers. In present study, we aimed to compare NLR and MPVLR levels of frail patients with T2DM to non‑frail diabetic subjects.

Diabetic subjects were grouped in frail and non-frail groups according to the Edmonton Frail Scale. General characteristics and laboratory data of the frail and non-frail groups were compared.

The MPVLR of the frail (3.9 [1.4-13.2] %) group was significantly higher than that of the non-frail (3.4 [1.5-6.9] %) group (p = 0.02). MPVLR was positively and significantly correlated with Edmonton Frail Scale score (r = 0.21, p = 0.03). A MPVLR level greater than 3.41 % has 71 % sensitivity and 51 % specifity in predicting frailty.

We suggest that elevated MPVLR could be a finding that marks frailty in diabetic subjects. Inexpensive and easy‑to‑assess nature of the MPVLR may be useful in predicting frailty in type 2 diabetic population (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 32).

We suggest that elevated MPVLR could be a finding that marks frailty in diabetic subjects. Inexpensive and easy‑to‑assess nature of the MPVLR may be useful in predicting frailty in type 2 diabetic population (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 32).

We aimed to evaluate the effects of leptin and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) on testicular damage and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) types (neuronal, endothelial and inducible NOS) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

Testicular damage was evaluated histologically and expression of NOSs was evaluated immunohistochemically in testis. Plasma leptin level and blood glucose level were assessed.

Blood glucose levels increased in all diabetic groups. L-NAME reduced it, but leptin had no effect. Three types NOS expression were shown in germ cells immunohistochemically. Increased eNOS and iNOS expression and decreased nNOS expression was detected in diabetic group. Testicular damage was observed in diabetic groups. Leptin ameliorated the damage by reducing iNOS expression and L-NAME partially prevented injury by supressing excessive NO production in diabetic rats.

It can be suggested that leptin and L-NAME partially prevents testicular damage by ameliorating histopathological changes by stimulating and /or supressing three types of NOS expression in diabetic rats. Leptin exhibited its effects by reducing iNOS expression in diabetic rats. This is the first report demonstrating the relationship between leptin and nitric oxide in testicular tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats (Fig. 3, Ref. 33).

It can be suggested that leptin and L-NAME partially prevents testicular damage by ameliorating histopathological changes by stimulating and /or supressing three types of NOS expression in diabetic rats. Leptin exhibited its effects by reducing iNOS expression in diabetic rats. This is the first report demonstrating the relationship between leptin and nitric oxide in testicular tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats (Fig. find more 3, Ref. 33).

SARS-CoV-2, which started in Wuhan and later affected the whole world, is the most important disease of the world today. Many ways to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus are sought to prevent the spread of this virus. Azithromycin and clarithromycin are considered for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has a high similarity to previous colonic diseases.

We aimed to determine whether azithromycin and clarithromycin, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibitor used in the treatment of COVID-19, is effective against SARS Cov-2 in silico.

The 503 analogues of azithromycin and clarithromycin were studied to target SARS-CoV-2 the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibition. Maestro program was used to compare the inhibition activities of these analogues. A detailed comparison was made using the numerical value of many parameters obtained. ADME / T properties were then examined to determine the effects and reactions of analogues on human metabolism. In this study, the SARS-CoV2 virus is 6NUR and 6NUS, which is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein. Among these proteins, the best inhibitor among the 503 analogues according to the docking score parameter was 9851445 with a great difference. This analogue was an analogue of azithromycin (Tab. 3, Fig. 6, Ref. 58).

The 503 analogues of azithromycin and clarithromycin were studied to target SARS-CoV-2 the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibition. Maestro program was used to compare the inhibition activities of these analogues. A detailed comparison was made using the numerical value of many parameters obtained. ADME / T properties were then examined to determine the effects and reactions of analogues on human metabolism. In this study, the SARS-CoV2 virus is 6NUR and 6NUS, which is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein. Among these proteins, the best inhibitor among the 503 analogues according to the docking score parameter was 9851445 with a great difference. This analogue was an analogue of azithromycin (Tab. 3, Fig. 6, Ref. 58).