Nolanbusk9345

A retrospective cohort study with chart review.

To determine if there is a difference in reoperation rates for adjacent segment disease (operative ASD) in posterior cervical fusions (PCF) that stop at -C7 versus -T1/T2.

There are surgical treatment challenges to the anatomical complexities of the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ). Current posterior cervical spine surgery is based on the belief that adjacent segment disease (ASD) occurs if fusions are stopped at C7 although there is varying evidence to support this assumption.

Patients were followed until validated reoperations for ASD, membership termination, death, or 03/31/2020. Descriptive statistics and five-year crude incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for operative ASD for PCF ending at -C7 or -T1/T2 were reported. Time-dependent crude and adjusted, multivariable Cox-Proportional Hazards models were used to evaluate operative ASD rates with adjustment for covariates or risk change estimates more than 10%.

We identified 875 patients with PCFs (beginning at C3 or C4 or C5 or C6) stopping at either -C7 (n = 470) or -T1/T2 (n = 405) with average follow-up time of 4.6 (±3.3) years and average time to operative ASD of 2.7 (±2.8) yrs. Crude overall incidence rates for stopping at -C7 (2.12% (1.02%-3.86%)) and -T1/T2 (2.48% (1.25%-4.40%)) were comparable with no statistical difference in risk (adjHR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.61-3.53, P = 0.39). Additionally, we observed no differences in the probability of operative ASD in competing risk time-dependent models (Grey's Test P = 0.448).

A large cohort of 875 patients with PCFs stopping at -C7 or -T1/T2 with an average follow-up of > 4 years found no statistical difference in reoperation rates for ASD (operative ASD).Level of Evidence 3.

 4 years found no statistical difference in reoperation rates for ASD (operative ASD).Level of Evidence 3.

A retrospective study of surgical outcomes in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

To better characterize outcomes following cervical decompression in those with severe, non-ambulatory forms of DCM.

DCM represents a collection of age-related degenerative processes of the cervical spine that can result in motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction, leading to significant reductions in quality of life. Individuals with severe, non-ambulatory forms of DCM are often treated with spinal decompression although the extent of neurological improvement for this patient population is unclear.

A retrospective analysis of 48 non-consecutive non-ambulatory patients who underwent cervical decompression surgery between January 2007 and December 2018. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon-signed rank tests were used to compare Nurick grade and mJOA score before and after surgery. Patient demographics, operative details, and post-surgical complications were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Patients experieowing cervical decompression surgery. These improvements indicate that cervical decompression surgery is effective in this patient population and has the potential to improve neurological status.Level of Evidence 3.

Retrospective observational study.

This study examined associated factors for the improvement in spinal imbalance following decompression surgery without fusion.

Several reports have suggested that decompression surgery without fusion may have a beneficial effect on sagittal balance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) through their postoperative course. However, few reports have examined the association between an improvement in sagittal imbalance and spinal sarcopenia.

We retrospectively reviewed 92 patients with LSS and a preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA) ≥40 mm who underwent decompression surgery without fusion at a single institution between April 2017 and October 2018. Patients' background and radiograph parameters and the status of spinal sarcopenia, defined using the relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) of the paravertebral muscle (PVM) and psoas muscle at the L4 caudal endplate level, were assessed. We divided the patients into two groups those with a postoperative SVA < 4ere associated with an improvement in sagittal balance in patients with LSS who underwent decompression surgery.Level of Evidence 3.

Lauver, JD, Moran, A, Guilkey, JP, Johnson, KE, Zanchi, NE, and Rotarius, TR. Acute responses to cycling exercise with blood flow restriction during various intensities. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute physiological responses during cycling at various intensities with blood flow restriction (BFR). Participants (N = 9; V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak = 36.09 ± 5.80 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed 5 protocols high-intensity (HIGH), control (CON-90), 90% of ventilatory threshold (VT) work rate with BFR (90-BFR), 70% of VT with BFR (70-BFR), and 30% V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak with BFR (30-BFR). Protocols consisted of five 2-minute work intervals interspersed with 1-minute recovery intervals. Blood flow restriction pressure was 80% of limb occlusion pressure. V[Combining Dot Above]O2, muscle excitation, tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), discomfort, and level of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. Muscle excitation was higher during HIGH (302.9 ± 159.9 %BS]) compared with 70-BFR (99.7 ± 76.4 %BSL) and 30-BFR (98.2 ± 70.5 %BSL). StO2 was greater during 90-BFR (40.7 ± 12.5 [INCREMENT]BSL), 70-BFR (34.4 ± 15.2 [INCREMENT]BSL), and 30-BFR (31.9 ± 18.7 [INCREMENT]BSL) compared with CON-90 (4.4 ± 11.5 [INCREMENT]BSL). 90-BFR (39.6 ± 12.0 [INCREMENT]BSL) resulted in a greater StO2-Avg compared with HIGH (20.5 ± 13.8 [INCREMENT]BSL). Also, HIGH (23.68 ± 5.31 ml·kg-1·min-1) resulted in a greater V[Combining Dot Above]O2 compared with 30-BFR (15.43 ± 3.19 ml·kg-1·min-1), 70-BFR (16.65 ± 3.26 ml·kg-1·min-1), and 90-BFR (18.28 ± 3.89 ml·kg-1·min-1); 90-BFR (intervals 4 = 15.9 ± 2.3; intervals 5 = 16.4 ± 2.5) resulted in a greater RPE compared with 30-BFR (intervals 4 = 13.3 ± 1.4; intervals 5 = 13.7 ± 1.7) during intervals 4 and 5. These results suggest that when adding BFR to various intensities of aerobic exercise, consideration should be given to peak work and VT to provide a balance between high local physiological stress and perceptual responses.

Jermyn, S, Neill, CO, and Coughlan, EK. The acute effects from the use of weighted implements on skill enhancement in sport A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-Weighted implements are used before competitive performance with the aim of enhancing motor skill execution on return to the standard implement. The purpose of this review was to analyze the existing literature pertaining to the acute effects of weighted implements on respective sporting performance. Following a systematic screening process, 25 studies were identified. This review highlighted the effects of (a) weighted balls and bats on throwing and batting performance and (b) indoor weight throw implements on indoor weight throw performance. Studies reported conflicting effects on immediate performance post-warm-up with the respective implements. Notably, although overweighted bats and overweight attachments are a prominent preparatory tool in baseball, this review found consistent and repeated evidence of degraded batting standard bat were identified as acute effects. This review identified an obvious dearth of research into the acute effects of weighted implements on motor skills in other sports with equally complex perceptual motor patterns, such as football (soccer), golf, rugby, basketball, and American football. Future weighted implement research should investigate the acute effects of respective implements on motor skill performance in other sports, such as those aforementioned, with the purpose of exploring relevant implications for preparatory strategies and immediate performance on return to the standard implement.

Collins, KS, Klawitter, LA, Waldera, RW, Mahoney, SJ, and Christensen, BK. Differences in muscle activity and kinetics between the goblet squat and landmine squat in men and women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-Squat exercise variations are widely used and extensively researched. However, little information exists on the goblet squat (GBS) and landmine squat (LMS) and differences between men and women. This study investigated the differences in muscle activity and kinetics between the GBS and the LMS in 16 men and 16 women. Five repetitions of each squat type were performed loaded at 30% of their body mass. Vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces for the eccentric and concentric phases and peak vertical force were recorded with a force plate. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded for the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF). Normalized mean EMG values and ground reaction forces were analyzed with repeated measures analysis ofng posterior horizontal forces. In the LMS, men showed decreased ST activity, whereas women had decreased BF activity. Women exhibited greater quadriceps activity in both the GBS and LMS and greater ST in the LMS. Women also produced greater eccentric vertical force in both the GBS and LMS and less posterior horizontal forces in the LMS. The LMS may be useful to balance hamstring to quadriceps activity, increase horizontal loading, and reduce vertical loading. Conversely, the GBS can better target quadriceps activity and increase vertical loading. Sex differences should be considered for training programs that include the GBS and LMS.

Nuzzo, JL. Content analysis of patent applications for strength training equipment filed in the United States before 1980. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-Strength training history is an emerging academic area. The aim of the current study was to describe quantitively the history of inventions for strength training equipment. NMS-873 Content analysis was conducted of patent applications for strength training equipment filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office before 1980. Applications were identified using relevant keyword searches in Google Patents. A total of 551 patent applications were analyzed. The earliest application identified was filed in 1860. Applications never exceed 6 per year until 1961 after which applications increased substantially, with a peak of 54 in 1979. Men invented 98.7% of all strength training devices. Lloyd J. Lambert, Jr. was the most prolific inventor, with 10 inventions. Types of inventions included mobile units (34.5%), stationary machines (27.9%), dumbbells (16%), racksor benches (18.7%), cable-pulley systems (15.1%), weight stacks (8.2%), weight trays (4.5%), and cams (2.2%). Common types of resistance included weights or plates (33.2%), springs (11.6%), friction (9.1%), elastic bands (5.3%), and hydraulic (3.8%). Proposed invention benefits included adjustable resistance (37.4%), inexpensive (36.1%), simple to use (32.8%), compact design or easy storage (27.0%), multiple exercise options (26.1%), safety and comfort (25.4%), effectiveness (23.6%), portability (20.5%), adjustable size (15.8%), sturdiness or durability (15.8%), home use (13.6%), and light weight (13.6%). Certain aspects of strength training equipment have evolved over time. However, overall purposes and benefits of inventions have remained constant (e.g., affordability, convenience, personalization, safety, and effectiveness).