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The most common reason for not referring patients for FP was lack of knowledge about FP (43%). More than 90% claimed they wanted to improve their knowledge about oncofertility through continued medical education programs and seminars.

The study emphasizes the need for establishing well-structured networks to improve knowledge about FP among HCWs, so that cancer patients are offered the chance of using their gametes to have children after they have been cured from cancer.

The study emphasizes the need for establishing well-structured networks to improve knowledge about FP among HCWs, so that cancer patients are offered the chance of using their gametes to have children after they have been cured from cancer.Dental trauma in the field of sports is the major linking channel between sports and dentistry. Sports dentistry is the branch of sports medicine that deals with the prevention of oral or facial athletic injuries, oral diseases and manifestations. Sports dentistry is also related to mild traumatic brain injuries during games and erosive lesions due to continuous intake of highly acidic sports and energy drinks. Stress among sportsperson has also been depicted to impact their athletic performance leading athletes to the intake of drugs. Smokeless tobacco consumption and sponsorship is also found among athletes. Therefore, it is emphasized the need for a "team dentist," initiating from high schools to professional teams. The sports or "team dentist" assists athletes in the effective prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of various types of oral injuries. Sport-related orofacial injuries can be prevented by wearing primary protective devices such as properly fitting helmets, face masks and/or mouth guards. They can also enlighten athletes about the benefits of practicing yoga, as it reduces stress and improves performance. Hence, the dentist can perform an imperative role in informing parents, athletes, coaches and patients about the importance of preventing orofacial injuries in sports.

Water polo is a team sport that requires not only high levels of power and strength but a robust morphology with big body dimensions for an optimal performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between anthropometric variables, maturity, grip strength and throwing speed in young water polo competitors.

Body composition, biological age, grip strength and throwing speed were evaluated in 28 elite water polo players (15.74±0.83 years old) with competition experience (7.35±1.68 years). The participants were divided into two maturity groups based on the percentage of adult height attained at the moment of assessment (<98% and >98%).

Significant differences and moderate effect sizes were observed across sitting height and upper body lengths and breadths in the more mature players of the >98% group compared with those observed in the <98% group (d>0.42; P<0.05). CHIR-99021 supplier A large effect size in maturity status and percentage of adult height (d>0.82) was also identified in the >98% players. In addition, significant correlations (P<0.05) were determined between upper and lower body girths and not opposition throwing speed (NOT). Similarly, a linear regression analysis revealed that biacromial breadth, arm girth and medial calf skinfold significantly contributed in predicting NOT speed (r

=0.82; P<0.01).

These findings suggest that body structure is positively related to throwing speed in young water polo players. Furthermore, the results of the present investigation might be useful for talent identification purposes.

These findings suggest that body structure is positively related to throwing speed in young water polo players. Furthermore, the results of the present investigation might be useful for talent identification purposes.Cardiovascular medicine is facing several challenges in the current era, dominated by the rapid spread of a previously unknown virus around the world. Indeed, the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic set the course of cardiovascular science and education in an extraordinary way, hogging the attention of the medical community. Notably, while COVID-19 impacted research progress, there has been considerable effort in exploring topics of great interest, from the management of acute coronary syndromes to new horizons in the treatment of heart failure, from novelties in the surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease to new data on implantable cardiac devices, and from new diagnostic applications of multimodal imaging techniques to relevant basic science findings. Minerva Cardiology and Angiology, formerly Minerva Cardioangiologica, has strived to inform its readers on these topics and novelties, aiming for a succinct yet poignant melding of timeliness and accuracy. Accordingly, the purpose of this narrative review is to highlight and summarize the major research and review articles published during 2020. In particular, we provide a broad overview of the novelties identifying six major areas of interest in the field of cardiovascular sciences in which new evidences have contributed to improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment of heart and vessels diseases.

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography and 3D strain parameters have been used for a comprehensive quantitative assessment of left ventricular (LV) myocardial dynamics. So far, there are no data on sacubitril/valsartan effects on cardiac functions and LV reverse remodeling using 3D echocardiography. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on the LV functions using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, 3D echocardiography, and the 3D strain parameters.

A single-center prospective cohort study which included 100 heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients with guidelines-approved indications for sacubitril/valsartan treatment. Patients received a short course (3-month) of sacubitril/valsartan. 3-month follow-up 2D, 3D echocardiographic parameters, and 3D strain were compared to baseline parameters.

The results of the study revealed a significant improvement in left ventricular dynamic functions at 3-month follow-up with an improvement in left ventricular systoldiography and 3D strain, sacubitril/valsartan was associated with a significant improvement of LV systolic functions and reverse remodeling effects in both ischemic and non-ischemic HFrEF patients.Diabetic patients are prone to suffer from cardiovascular disease, specifically from ischemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy, which have a huge impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis due to alteration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is often observed in diabetes and myocardial fibrosis is an important part of cardiac remodeling that leads to heart failure and death. At single-cell level, the ECM govern, metabolism, motility, orientation and proliferation. However, in pathological condition such as diabetes, changes in ECM lead to fibrosis and subsequently cardiac stiffness and cardiomyocytes dysfunction. Anti-diabetic drugs, particularly sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have anti-fibrotic effects, and may promote ECM reverse remodelling. link2 In this mini-review, the mechanisms and the role of ECM remodelling and reverse remodelling as a potential therapeutic targets for diabetic cardiomyopathy are discussed.

Coronary artery calcification remains a challenge in percutaneous coronary interventions, due to the higher risk of suboptimal result with subsequent poor clinical outcomes. Intravascular lithotripsy is a novel way of treating severe coronary calcification as it has the ability to modify calcium both circumferentially as well as transmurally, facilitating stent expansion and apposition. We conducted a systematic overview of the published literature on intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) assessing the efficacy and feasibility of IVL in treating severe coronary calcification.

Of the retrieved publications, 62 met our inclusion criteria and were included. A total of 1389 patients (1414 lesions) with significant coronary calcification or under-expanded stents underwent IVL.

The mean age was 72.03 years (74.7% male). There was a significant improvement in acute and sustained vessel patency, with mean minimal lumen diametre of 2.78 ± 0.46 mm, resulting in acute gain of 1.72 ± 0.51 mm. The acute procedural successrrently available for calcium modification including conventional balloons, cutting or scoring balloons, rotational atherectomy and laser atherectomy.Artificial intelligence (AI) comprises a wide range of technologies and methods with heterogeneous degrees of complexity, applications and abilities. In the cardiovascular field, AI holds the potential to fulfil many unsolved challenges, eventually translating into improved patient care. In particular, AI appears as the most promising tool to overcome the gap between ever-increasing data-rich technologies and their practical implementation in cardiovascular research, in the cardiologist routine, in the patient daily life and at the healthcare-policy level. link3 A multiplicity of AI technologies is progressively pervading several aspects of precision cardiovascular medicine including early diagnosis, automated imaging processing and interpretation, disease sub-phenotyping, risk prediction and remote monitoring systems. Several methodological, logistical, educational and ethical challenges are emerging by integrating AI systems at any stage of cardiovascular medicine. This review will discuss the basics of AI methods, the growing body of evidence supporting the role of AI in the cardiovascular field and the challenges to overcome for an effective AI-integrated cardiovascular medicine.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial genetic disease relatively common in the general population with heterogenous clinical presentation, natural history and prognosis. About 60% of HCM patients have a stable clinical course, while others may experience a variety of HCMrelated complications which follows relatively independent pathways, and that can be distinguished in different subgroups. These subgroups are represented by patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; patients with end-stage disease and reduced or preserved systolic function; patients with apical hypertrophy; patients with apical aneurysm; patients with atrial fibrillation, patients at high risk of sudden death and patients with pre-clinical HCM. The purpose of this review is to describe each of these clinical profiles with its prognostic implications.Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart muscle disease characterised by heterogeneous clinical presentation and outcome. Clinical heterogeneity of myocarditis, ranging from acute onset chest pain with electrocardiographic changes resembling an acute coronary syndrome, to arrhythmic storm and chronic decompensated heart failure, makes diagnosis challenging. A correct diagnosis is however key to proper patients' management and should always be aimed at. Although a definite diagnosis is only provided by endomyocardial biopsy, the European Society of Cardiology task force on myocardial and pericardial diseases provided specific criteria for the diagnosis of clinically suspected myocarditis, which has been facilitated by the advent of non invasive imaging tests (i.e. cardiovascular magnetic resonance based myocardial tissue characterization). Due to the heterogeneous presentation and disease course of myocarditis, a tailored treatment would be the best strategy, but a standardised management is still not available. Over the years, however, new, promising, therapies, such as anti-viral and immune-suppressive treatment, have come side by side to the standard pharmacological heart treatment, i.