Noelpritchard2521
ty of its use on the clinic.
The pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly influenced the dia-gnostics and treatment of patients with lung and pleural malignancies. This group of patients is the riskiest, compared to patients with other cancers, both in morbidity and mortality.
The data of patients with lung/pleural malignancies and proved COVID-19 positivity were analyzed at the Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Brno, during the period from October 2020 to May 2021. Demographic data, information about the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and oncological disease as well as mortality were monitored. Together with the data from the study population, three case reports are also presented.
Fifty-three patients were found (79% males), mean age 69.4 years, mainly with adenocarcinoma histology. A total of 47.1% patients experienced mild course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 56.6% needed hospitalization, 24.5% died. Active anticancer treatment was delayed in 62.4% cases due to SARS-CoV-2 infection; the mean time of the delay reached 14.5 days.
Patients with lung and pleural malignancies have a high risk of severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. Moreover, the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as postcovid changes can complicate the anticancer treatment itself.
Patients with lung and pleural malignancies have a high risk of severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. Moreover, the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as postcovid changes can complicate the anticancer treatment itself.
Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the nervous system also plays an important role in the processes of carcinogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, and metastasis. These studies, focused on the neurobio-logical aspects of cancer, elucidate the mechanisms and pathways by which the nervous system affects tumor macro- and microenvironment. The modulatory effect of the nervous system on the tumor microenvironment is significantly mediated by nerves that innervate cancer tissue. The innervation of cancer tissue is already an accepted fact, and several authors consider it to be another hallmark of cancer.
The aim of this review article is to present a recent data about the role of innervation of cancer tissue, as well as to describe therapeutic consequences.
Based on recent data, it can be concluded that the innervation of cancer tissue represents an important factor in the etiopathogenesis of cancer as well as a potential target for new therapeutic interventions in cancer patients.
Based on recent data, it can be concluded that the innervation of cancer tissue represents an important factor in the etiopathogenesis of cancer as well as a potential target for new therapeutic interventions in cancer patients.
A general characteristic of cancer metabolism is the skill to gain the essential nutrients from a relatively poor environment and use them effectively to maintain viability and create new bio-mass. The changes in intracellular and extracellular metabolites that accompany metabolic reprogramming associated with tumor growth subsequently affect gene expression, cell differentiation, and tumor microenvironment. During carcinogenesis, cancer cells face huge selection pressures that force them to constantly optimize dominant metabolic pathways and undergo major metabolic reorganizations. In general, greater flexibility of metabolic pathways increases the ability of tumor cells to satisfy their metabolic needs in a changing environment.
In this review, we discuss the metabolic properties of cancer cells and describe the tumor promoting effect of the transformed metabolism. We assume that changes in metabolism are significant enough to facilitate tumorigenesis and may provide interesting targets for cancer therapy.
In this review, we discuss the metabolic properties of cancer cells and describe the tumor promoting effect of the transformed metabolism. We assume that changes in metabolism are significant enough to facilitate tumorigenesis and may provide interesting targets for cancer therapy.
Metastatic and locally recurrent inoperable anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) belong to rare tumours - ASCC accounts for about 2% of gastrointestinal tumours. Synchronous metastatic involvement is usually confirmed in approximately 15% of patients and about 20 % of patients develop relapse in the form of distant metastases after curative treatment. The current standard palliative systemic treatment is a PF regimen composed of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with cisplatin (cDDP) or a combination of carboplatin with paclitaxel.
The aim of this study is to summarize other options for systemic palliative care in ASCC, including the results of relevant clinical trials performed with new or modified regimens. Triple combinations with taxanes have yielded promising treatment results, and in particular, the inclusion of the DCF regimen (cDDP + 5-FU + docetaxel) in first-line treatment results in a significant increase in treatment responses with good treatment tolerance. Another promising option for palliative care is immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors PD-1 or PD-L1, which can be successfully used in palliative systemic treatment or in curative regimens. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors remain the subject of research, whose role in the primary or palliative treatment of ASCC is not entirely clear.
Compared to standard chemotherapy, available data confirm the treatment outcomes improvement in the use of triple combination DCF with docetaxel or immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic ASCC.
Compared to standard chemotherapy, available data confirm the treatment outcomes improvement in the use of triple combination DCF with docetaxel or immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic ASCC.
Previous studies have evaluated the association of IL-8 -251T>A and IL-18 -607C>A polymorphisms with a risk of breast cancer in different populations, but the results remain inconsistent and inconclusive. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to explore the associations.
A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, SID, and CNKI for all eligible studies published up to October 1, 2020. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the intensity of associations.
A total of 12 case-control studies including seven studies with 2,370 cases and 2,314 controls on IL-8 -251T>A, and five studies with 900 cases and 882 con-trols on IL-18 -607C>A polymorphism were selected. Hesperadin manufacturer Pooled data showed that IL-8 -251T>A (AT vs. TT OR= 1.187; 95% CI 1.038-1.356; P = 0.012) and IL-18 -607C>A polymorphisms (A vs. T OR = 1.205; 95% CI 1.055-1.377; P = 0.006; AA vs. TT OR = 1.379; 95% CI 1.056-1.802; P = 018; and AA vs. AT+TT OR = 1.329; 95% CI 1.053-1.678; P = 0.017) were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in overall. Moreover, when the studies were stratified by ethnicity, the IL-8 -251T>A was significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Africans. Publication bias tests provide no evidence of presence of publication bias in a meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis results revealed that the IL-8 -251T>A and IL-18 -607C>A polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to breast cancer. However, further multicenter studies with larger sample sizes in different ethnicities are required to make a better assessment of these associations.
This meta-analysis results revealed that the IL-8 -251T>A and IL-18 -607C>A polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to breast cancer. However, further multicenter studies with larger sample sizes in different ethnicities are required to make a better assessment of these associations.
Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification responsible for many bio-logical processes including protein-protein interactions, cell signaling or cell cycle regulation. Changes in glycosylation of serum proteins reflects the status of tissues and cells in the organism and therefore can be used as markers for dia-gnosis of cancer, its progression and determination of its subtypes. N-glycan profiling is often used for characterization of N-glycosylation changes. It is based on the measurements of N-glycans released from the serum proteins. Beside the N-glycan profiling, glycoproteomic approach is emerging as it preserves the information about glycan composition, original protein, and its glycosylation sites.
This review covers existing works describing the changes in serum protein N-glycosylation in various cancer types. Attention was paid to both the glycomic and glycoproteomic approaches. The last part of the review shortly presents the analytical methods used for these analyses.
This review covers existing works describing the changes in serum protein N-glycosylation in various cancer types. Attention was paid to both the glycomic and glycoproteomic approaches. The last part of the review shortly presents the analytical methods used for these analyses.Tuberculosis (TB) lesions in humans have been proven to be severely hypoxic with hypoxia leading to latency and dormancy of disease. Dormant TB lesions become less susceptible to standard TB treatment regimens with varying responses to treatment but may have increased susceptibility to nitroimidazole drugs. This in turn implies that positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with radiolabelled nitroimidazoles may identify patients who will benefit from treatment with antimicrobial agents that are active against anaerobic bacteria. This case series aims to highlight the hypoxic uptake and retention of a novel 68 Ga-labelled hypoxia-seeking agent in TB lesions at different time points during anti-TB therapy using PET/CT imaging. Patients with confirmed TB underwent whole-body PET/CT after administration of a 68 Ga-nitroimidazole derivative at baseline and follow-up. Images were analysed both qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. Hypoxic uptake and change in uptake over time were analysed using lesion-to-muscle ratio (LMR) and lesion-to-blood ratio (LBR). 68 Ga-nitroimidazole avid lesions were demonstrated most frequently in the upper lobes of the lung. Low-grade hypoxic uptake was visualised in areas of consolidation, cavitation, nodules and lymph nodes. From baseline to follow-up imaging, the LMR increased with persistent hypoxic load despite morphologic improvement. This case series highlights the dynamic hypoxic microenvironment in TB lesions. From these initial data, it appears that 68 Ga-nitroimidazole is a promising candidate for monitoring hypoxic load in patients diagnosed with TB. Such imaging could identify patients who would benefit from individualised therapy targeting other mechanisms in the TB microenvironment with the intention to predict or improve treatment response.
(Turcz.) Schischk (Apiaceae) (SD) has various pharmacological activities, but its effects on type I allergy (TIA) have not been comprehensively studied.
This study evaluates the treatment and molecular mechanisms of SD against TIA.
The effective components and action targets of SD were screened using TCMSP database, and allergy-related targets of SD were predicted using GeneCards and OMIM database. The obtained target intersections were imported into David database for GO analysis, and used R software to perform KEGG analysis. The RBL-2H3 cells sensitised by DNP-IgE/DNP-BSA were treated with different concentrations of SD (root decoction, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL), prim-
-glucosylcimifugin (POG, 10, 40, and 80 μg/mL) and the positive control drug-ketotifen fumarate (KF, 30 μM) for 12 h, then subjected to cell degranulation and qPCR analysis.
Eighteen active compounds of SD and 38 intersection targets were obtained TIA-related signal pathways mainly include calcium signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway and MAPK signal pathway.
