Nilssonsalling5014

RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found among bulk fill composites in terms of surface roughness while glass showed the lowest Ra values. The lowest contact angle values were found in the control group and Sonic Fill-2 while the highest SFE values were observed in these materials. No statistically significant differences were found between the S. mutans counts. For S. Mitis adhesion, the highest value was found in Sonic Fill-2 and no significant differences were observed between the other groups. CONCLUSIONS SR of bulk-fill composite resins had no effect on bacterial adhesion. However, bacterial adhesion increased with higher SFE values. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although the surface roughness of composites used in the study is similar, in clinically, S. mitis adhesion may be more in the KSF group because of high surface free energy. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs modulating gene expression and creating intricate regulatory networks that are dysregulated in many pathological states, including neurodegenerative disorders. In silico analyses denote a multifunctional kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) as a putative target of numerous miRs identified in neural tissue. GSK3 is engaged in almost all aspects of neuronal development and functioning. Moreover, there is an autoregulatory feedback between GSK3 and miRNAs as the kinase can influence biogenesis of miRs. Members of the miR-GSK3 axes might thus represent convenient therapeutic targets in neuropathologies that display its abnormal regulation. This review summarizes the present knowledge about direct interactions of GSK3 and miRs in brain, and their putative roles in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled GSK-3 and related kinases in cancer, neurological and other disorders edited by James McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak and Dariusz Rakus. Whether social contact contributes to the underlying mechanisms of depression and the observed sex differences is unclear. In this study, we subjected young male and female mice to separation- and restraint-induced stress for 4 weeks and assessed behaviors, neurotransmitter levels, hormones, and inflammatory cytokines. Results showed that, compared with controls, male mice exposed to stress displayed significant decreases in body weight and sucrose preference after 1 week. In the fourth week, they exhibited a higher degree of anxiety (open field test) and depressive-like behavior (forced swim test). Moreover, the males showed significant decreases in monoamine neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and dopamine in striatum, and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in serum. In contrast, females showed persistent loss of weight during stress and displayed significant decreases in sucrose preference after stress. Importantly, the females but not males showed activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, with significantly higher levels adrenocorticotropic hormone. Additionally, mRNA level of c-fos and AVP showed there was significant interaction between stress and sex. Finally, we conclude that an imbalance of the HPA axis and inflammation might be important contributors to sex differences in separation/restraint-induced depressive behavior and that changes might be mediated by c-fos and AVP. BACKGROUND Biventricular endocardial pacing (BiV ENDO) is a therapy for heart failure patients who cannot receive transvenous epicardial CRT or have failed to adequately respond. BiV ENDO CRT can be delivered by a new wireless LV ENDO pacing system (WiSE-CRT System, EBR Systems, Sunnyvale, California) without requiring lifelong anti-coagulation. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the safety & efficacy of the WiSE-CRT System during real world clinical use in an international registry. METHODS Registry of centers implanting the WiSE-CRT System as part of the WiCS-LV Post Market Surveillance Registry (Clinical trial study number NCT02610673) RESULTS 90 patients across 14 European centers underwent implantation with the WiSE-CRT System. Patients were predominantly male, aged 68.2 ± 10.5 yrs, LVEF 30.6% ± 8.9% with a mean QRS duration 180.7 ± 27.0 ms and ischemic etiology in 40.0%. Successful implantation and chronic delivery of BiV ENDO pacing was achieved in 94.4% of patients. Acute less then 24hrs, 1- 30 day & 1 to 6 month complications rates were (4.4%,18.8% and 6.7% respectively). There were five deaths (5.6%) within six months, three of which were procedure related. 70% patients experienced an improvement in their heart failure symptoms. CONCLUSION BiV ENDO pacing with the WiSE-CRT System appears technically feasible with a high success rate. Three procedural deaths were observed during the study. Procedural complications mandate adequate operator training and performance in centers with immediate cardiothoracic and vascular surgical support. Elucidating the multi-faceted relationship between cognitive competence and affective states is a major pursuit in behavioral sciences. Mood disorders constitute a good research model for this question, as cognitive impairment may accompany clinical depression and persist after full remission. This suggests cognitive dysfunction as an etiological factor of depression, rather than an epiphenomenon. Complementing clinical studies, animal models utilizing well-controlled, systematic paradigms are essential to elucidate the complex relationship between cognitive competence and affective states. Clofarabine In current set of experiments, we investigated the extent to which cognitive competence determines the stress response in Wistar rats by utilizing two well-established spatial memory paradigms with different degrees of complexity together with the forced swim test. We revealed that rats with low cognitive competence as assessed by learning performance in the Y-Maze, but not in the radial arm maze, were significantly more vulnerable to behavioral despair. In contrast, rats with high cognitive competence were resilient to the negative effects of the forced swim test, irrespective of the spatial memory task used. These results point to a nonlinear relationship between spatial memory performance and behavioral despair, suggesting that different types of cognitive functioning may have differential effects on affective processes. BACKGROUND It is controversial whether peripheral arterial cannulation may achieve better results than direct aortic cannulation during surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD). METHODS Three-hundred and nine consecutive patients underwent surgical repair for acute TAAD from January 2005 to December 2017 at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. The early outcomes of patients who underwent surgery with direct aortic cannulation were compared with those in whom peripheral arterial cannulation was employed. RESULTS Direct aortic cannulation was employed in 80 patients and peripheral arterial cannulation in 229 patients. Patients who underwent surgery with direct aortic cannulation had hospital mortality (13.8% vs. 13.5%, p=0.962) and stroke/global brain ischemia (22.3% vs. 25.0%, p=0.617) similar to those with peripheral arterial cannulation. The other secondary outcomes were equally distributed between the unmatched study cohorts. Among 74 propensity score matched pairs, direct aortic cannulation had hospital mortality (12.2% vs. 9.5%, p=0.804) and stroke/global brain ischemia rates (21.6% vs. 21.6%, p=1.000) comparable to peripheral arterial cannulation. The composite outcome of hospital mortality/stroke/global brain ischemia (29.7% vs. 27.0%, p=0.855), multiple stroke (16.2% vs. 17.6%, p=1.000), renal replacement therapy (11.8% vs. 13.0%, p=1.000) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (mean, 4.9±4.5 vs. 4.8±4.9 days, p=0.943) were also equally distributed between these matched cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In this institutional series, central arterial cannulation allowed a straightforward surgical repair of TAAD and achieved similar early outcomes to those of peripheral arterial cannulation. BACKGROUND Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and is associated with increased short and long-term mortality. While the precise etiology of POAF remains unclear, inflammation is a known contributing factor. Preliminary studies have suggested that an elevated preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), an inexpensive and readily available novel inflammatory biomarker, may be associated with increased incidence of POAF following CABG. This study sought to further investigate this hypothesis. METHODS The study cohort included all patients undergoing isolated CABG, with no prior history of arrhythmia, who were operated on between August 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 at a major Australian tertiary center (n=1,457). Patients were divided into the 'low' ( less then 86) or 'high' (≥86) PLR group based on an optimal cut-off derived from receiver operating curve analysis. The incidence of POAF was then compared. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test and continuous variables using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 1,457 patients, 495 (34.0%) developed POAF. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of POAF between patients in the high and low PLR groups (34.8% vs 31.0%, p=0.22). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, high PLR was not independently associated with POAF (OR 1.04, p=0.78). CONCLUSIONS Elevated preoperative PLR is not independently associated with POAF in patients undergoing isolated CABG. The findings of this study differ from those of two previous smaller studies. BACKGROUND There exists a knowledge gap regarding the safety of training in cardiac surgery. The purpose of this analysis was to establish the safety of resident training in cardiac surgery and compare the results of the trainee cases to those performed by consultants. METHODS 5894 (trainee=3343 vs consultant=2551) major cardiac operations (EuroSCORE 30 days (trainee; 4.2% versus consultant; 9.9%, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Resident training is safe in cardiac surgery without compromising the quality of patient care. In OECD guideline 443 - Extended One Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study (EOGRTS) - to be used for testing industrial and agrochemicals, it has been indicated that careful consideration of benefits and disadvantages should be made prior to conducting direct-dosing studies in nursing pups. Nursing pups will not be directly dosed in dietary and drinking water studies whereas in oral gavage studies this possibility exists. Besides the risk of intubation trauma and overdosing due to direct exposure and exposure via the mother's milk, direct dosing could lead to a different hazard assessment of chemicals depending on the choice of the route of administration. In addition, in case of industrial and agrochemicals used in industrial or professional settings only, there will never be direct exposure of newborns. Moreover, direct dosing of nursing pups is an artificial, non-physiological, route of exposure and as such it would hamper risk assessment. It should therefore only be considered in exceptional cases and justified on a case-by-case approach.