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Subsequently, the bed surface is meshed, over which the particles belonging to a certain cell at each time step are identified to represent the basal velocity and flow depth using a novel SC-based algorithm. With the extracted velocities of these basal particles, the sediment entrainment rate of each cell can be estimated using the optimized progressive entrainment law. The proposed SC-HBP-SPH method is tested by means of a full-scale flume experiment carried out in a previous study. The results show that the proposed model can adequately describe and reproduce the complex dynamic process of bed-sediment entrainment by overriding debris flows.

Ground reaction force (GRF) during sit-to-stand motion is associated with lower extremity strength and balance function. The relationship between GRF and experience of falls has been reported; however, there are no reports on whether GRF can predict the incidence of future falls. We aimed to evaluate the ability of GRF to predict falls and compare GRF with existing predictors.

This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 456 community-dwelling older adults living in Itabashi ward who participated in health check-ups in 2016 and 2017. Participants' physical and cognitive functions were assessed, and the maximum GRF (F), F/weight (F/W), rate of force development (RFD), RFD/W (RFD/weight), and time taken to stand up were evaluated. click here The following year, participants were asked to report the number of falls during the year. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between the lowest quintile of each GRF parameter as a predictive factor for falling and assess the annual incidence of falls.

Twenty-three participants reported having two or more falls in the previous year. Of all GRF parameters evaluated, only F/W was lower in the fallers than in the non-fallers. After adjusting for sex, age, lifestyle, and comorbidities, F/W was associated with falls in 1 year, and the lowest F/W group had higher risks of falls than the highest F/W group (hazard ratio 2.72, 95 % confidence interval 1.11-6.68). Other measures were not associated with falls.

GRF during the sit-to-stand motion might predict the incidence of future falls.

GRF during the sit-to-stand motion might predict the incidence of future falls.

Japan has the largest aging population in the world, thus, a focus on frailty is important in clinical geriatric practice. Using a nationally representative sample, this study provided national estimates of the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling older Japanese people. We also examined variations in the prevalence by sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and geographical regions.

Data came from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly in 2012. The data were collected using a home visit and face-to-face interviews with trained interviewers. The sample consisted of 2206 adults aged ≥65 years. We used the widely accepted definition of physical frailty phenotype and calculated weighted estimates of the prevalence of frailty.

Overall estimated prevalence was 8.7 % (7.5 %-9.9 %) for frail, 40.8 % (38.7 %-42.9 %) for prefrail, and 50.5 % (48.4 %-52.6 %) for robust. Frailty was more prevalent in older groups, women, and those with lower socioeconomic status, which was measured by education and household income. Frail people tended to have worse health. We also observed a regional variation frailty prevalence tended to be higher in eastern than western Japan.

This study provides important evidence on the prevalence of frailty in older Japanese people and found substantial disparities by sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and geographical regions.

This study provides important evidence on the prevalence of frailty in older Japanese people and found substantial disparities by sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and geographical regions.Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), the major pesticides used worldwide, comprise an environmental hazard due to their harmful toxicity. Aimed to develop a bioreactor to remediate OPs contaminated wastewater, bacteria isolated from contaminated soils were identified and their ability to degrade OPs assessed, resulting in two main isolates, Sphingomonas sp. and Brevundimonas sp. Their OP degrading activities were characterized in terms of temperature, pH and substrates acceptance, resulting in high degradation rates at 60 °C, pH 10 and towards bulky OPs such as coroxon, coumaphos, and chlorpyrifos. Sphingomonas sp. cells were immobilized and 75.4% degradation of 0.15 mM chlorpyrifos was achieved after 21 days by immobilized cells in batch system, while this OP was completely degraded within 17 h when the biocatalyst is settled in a packed bed bioreactor, with a reusability of 8 cycles. These results suggest the potential application of this system in the bioremediation of contaminated wastewater.Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely used due to the excellent solubilization of hydrophobic organics. However, their effect on the biotransformation process of hydrophilic pollutants is unclear. This study first evaluated the effect and mechanism of CDs on nitrate reduction by S.oneidensis.MR-1. The three CDs (α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD) all accelerated nitrate reduction, among which β-CD had the best effect. The nitrate reduction rate was increased by 21.8% with 0.5 mM β-CD. As for the mechanism, β-CD increased the biomass, membrane permeability and EPS of S.oneidensis.MR-1. The nitrate reductase activity was also increased by 1.34-fold with 0.5 mM β-CD. The current exchange density and the electron transfer system activity were increased by 11.4% and 99.5% in the β-CD-supply system, respectively. It confirmed that β-CD enhanced the biological and electrochemical characteristics and then enhanced bio-activity. This study provides a new understanding of CDs in microbial remediation and broadens the practical application.The effect of interactions of Li+, Na+ and K+ cations with two preferred configuration of the A-G mispairs, AantiGanti and AsynGanti, on the geometries and hydrogen bond energies have been studied at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. For each ion type, the most stable complex in AantiGanti and AsynGanti configurations are related to binding cation to N3 atom of guanine and N1 atom of adenine, respectively. The AantiGanti configuration is higher in the absolute values of binding energy than the AsynGanti configuration, indicating that AantiGanti configuration is more stable than AsynGanti ones. The results indicate that the strength of hydrogen bonds depends on the type and position of cations in considered systems. The values of hydrogen bonding energies estimated by the EML formula in AantiGanti mismatch are higher than AsynGanti case. The influences of cations binding in hydrogen bond strength are confirmed by the results of natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) analyses.