Niebuhrthomson7895

45 Kg m-2d-1), and overall moisture management capacity (0.91), but also offer high resistance of 16.9 cm H2O to prohibit the moisture drive in the opposite way, and considerable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The effective one-step fabrication of such fascinating directional moisture transport membranes with decent antibacterial activity opens a new intuition into the designing of novel functional materials for rapid sweat release and personal drying applications.Hypothesis Emulsions are metastable and can be destabilized by coalescence and Ostwald ripening, which lead to phase separation. Immobilizing emulsion droplets in a solid material shall improve their stability during storage. Experiments Miniemulsions and dispersions of nanocapsules are electrospun to immobilize colloids in polymer nanofibers. The nanofibers are dissolved after various period of time to re-disperse nanodroplets and nanocapsules. Findings The size of nanodroplets and nanocapsules are close to the size of the original colloids before electrospinning, meaning that the emulsion droplets are efficiently stored overtime in nanofibers. Entrapping droplets in nanofibers by electrospinning allows a reduction of weight and volume of the emulsion of up to 82%. This method is therefore beneficial for improving shelf-life of emulsions, decreasing storage volume, and decreasing energy consumption for transportation of emulsions.A high-performance dye adsorbent of ultrathin dodecyl-sulfate (DS-) intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nanosheets (DI-LDH Ns) were controllably synthesized by a simple one-step surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method. The unique intercalated structure with week interlayer interaction and high accessible surface of DI-LDH Ns provide efficient adsorption of methyl orange (MO), leading to its superior performance with much higher uptake capability (846.6 mg/g at 298 K) and less adsorbing equilibrium time (5 min) than those of ultrathin DS--surface-modified Mg-Al-LDH nanosheets (DM-LDH Ns, 327.4 mg/g at 298 K, 120 min) and original Mg-Al-LDH (O-LDH, 208.2 mg/g at 298 K, 120 min). The composition and structure of these LDHs were investigated by systematic physicochemical characterization, such as XRD, TEM, FT-IR, BET and TGA. The adsorption behavior of DI-LDH Ns follows the Langmuir isotherm equation. A plausible mechanism is proposed to explain the adsorption process of such DI-LDH Ns, in which the synergistic contributions of surface and interlayer adsorption between DI-LDH Ns and MO play an important role. This study puts forward a new thought for the development of high-performance LDH adsorbents with an ultrathin intercalated structure for the efficient and rapid removal of dyes.Background Siblings take care of each other and provide comfort and support. However, the sibling relationship is often also characterized by conflict and rivalry. Accordingly, the sibling relationship can be described by four patterns harmonious, hostile, distanced, and emotional-intense. The sibling relationship pattern (SRP) depends on the sibling constellation, but also to a large extent on the family environment. Surprisingly little research has focused on the effects of child maltreatment on the SRP. Objective This paper investigates the impact of maltreatment on the SRP during childhood. Participants and setting 4568 adults provided information about their adverse experiences and SRP while growing up. Methods Multinomial logistic regression analyses were calculated to identify unique predictors for different SRP. Results The number of different types of maltreatment predicted a hostile SRP. A low number was associated with a harmonious SRP. Considering the specific influence of types of maltreatment, emotional abuse was predictive for the hostile and the emotional-intense SRP compared to the distanced and the harmonious SRP. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cobimetinib-gdc-0973-rg7420.html Emotional neglect was predictive for either a distanced or a hostile SRP compared to a harmonious or emotional-intense SRP. Conclusions Child maltreatment influences the SRP in childhood. It increases the likelihood of a hostile and less harmonious SRP. However, for some types of maltreatment, especially in the absence of emotional abuse or emotional neglect, exceptions occur. Further research needs to untangle dynamics between siblings throughout childhood. For practice, the findings warrant the need for specific interventions to improve the sibling relationship in cases of child maltreatment.Background With the passage of the Families First Prevention Act, kinship navigator programs have growing support as an intervention to connect kinship families to needed resources. Growing evidence has helped to showcase the outcomes, but no study has shared follow up outcomes past twelve months. Objective This study examined the 12, 24 and 36 month follow up child safety (substantiated abuse record) and placement stability (disruption in placement) outcomes from state administered secondary data for children whose caregivers participated in the Children's Home Network-Kinship Navigator Program (CHN-KN). Setting Study participants were 240 (60 in each group) randomly selected kinship caregivers who were enrolled in four treatment groups in CHN-KN (Standard Kinship Navigator, Kinship Navigator with Innovations, Kinship Navigator with Peer-to-Peer only, and Usual Child Welfare). Methods Repeated measures anovas were used to show between group differences for each study group. Results Results show that children living with caregivers who received Kinship Navigator Programs (Kinship Navigator Peer to Peer and Kinship Navigator with Innovations) were the least likely to be involved in a substantiation of child abuse or neglect and most likely to remain in the home of a relative at 12, 24 and 36 month follow up. Conclusions Results suggest that the kinship navigator programs could improve child safety and placement stability. This study can help to inform the replication of the CHN-KN model and provide additional supported evidence to inform practice.Background Social disorganization theory posits that both structural and social features of a particular geographic unit are associated with criminal behavior. Despite many tests of social disorganization theory, few studies have assessed its relevance to child abuse. Objective This study seeks to explain neighborhood variation in child maltreatment. The goal of the current study is to fill this gap by investigating whether or not child physical abuse is related to neighborhood economic disadvantage, perceptions of the dangerousness of the neighborhood, and norms regarding delinquency. Participants and setting Data were drawn from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) and included 2364 respondents from 79 neighborhoods. The dependent variable, the variety or number of acts of severe child physical abuse, was reported by caregivers, while neighborhood characteristics were based on information from the U.S. Census Data and adult respondents living in Chicago neighborhoods. Methods A multilevel, over-dispersed, Poisson regression models were utilized to predict the variety of acts of severe physical abuse that a child living within a given neighborhood would experience. Results Neighborhood economic disadvantage was not significantly associated with greater variety of physical abuse. However, neighborhoods perceived as dangerous had greater variety of physical abuse (b = .25, p less then .05), while those with a greater tolerance for deviance had somewhat lower variety of physical abuse (b= -.69, p ≤ .10). Conclusions These results suggest that some contextual factors may help explain child maltreatment and should be subject to additional research.We elicit time and risk preferences for kidney transplantation from the entire population of patients of the largest Italian transplant centre using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). We measure patients' willingness-to-wait (WTW) for receiving a kidney with one-year longer expected graft survival, or a low risk of complication. Using a mixed logit in WTW-space model, we find heterogeneity in patients' preferences. Our model allows WTW to vary with patients' age and duration of dialysis. The results suggest that WTW correlates with age and duration of dialysis, and that accounting for patients' preferences in the design of kidney allocation protocols could increase their welfare. The implication for transplant practice is that eliciting patients' preferences could help in the allocation of "non-ideal" kidneys.The sorption behaviour of Sr into granite was studied with the presence or absence of typical colloids (goethite, bentonite and humic acid). A batch technique was used to analyse the influencing process of colloids and key factors. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize granite samples before and after the batch experiments. The experiments showed that the presence of colloids promotes the sorption of Sr in the broken granite system; when goethite, bentonite or humic acid (HA) was present, the sorption capacity percentages were 1.8, 2.13 and 1.93 times higher, respectively, than those in the granite only system. As the initial Sr2+ concentration increased, the sorption of Sr increased, but the sorption percentage decreased; the sorption percentage reached a maximum at pH = 7 and decreased as the acidity or alkalinity of the solution increased. The sorption of granite may be related to the interstitial water of the hydroxyl, quartz, and feldspar, the intergranular water of granite groups and the water molecules attached to the granite. Moreover, the surface of the granite sample was rougher after the sorption experiment.Groundwater contributed nutrients aided with increasing population threaten the global coastal ecosystems. In this study, attempt has been made using major ions and nutrients to evaluate the significance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in a semi-arid estuary of south India. Surface, seepage and groundwater chemistry altered from fresh (NaK-CaMg-NO3Cl) to mixed (NaK-NO3Cl) to saline water (NaCl) type from upstream to outlet that connects Bay of Bengal. We predicted abundant nitrate (NO3-) along upstream and towards the bay due to application of fertilizers and aquaculture activities, respectively. Elevated ammonium (NH4+) observed in the recirculated groundwater/sea water suggests contribution from sea water intrusion and higher phosphate (PO43-) noted at the outer bay suggests sources from phosphatic nodules. Decreasing Redfield ratio towards the bay suggests anoxic aquifer condition due to salinization. The SGD driven nutrient fluxes were 40.0-47.0% for NO3-, 43.0-51.0% for NH4+ and 9.0-32.0% for PO43- from the total input fluxes. The estimated nutrient fluxes showed that NO3- and PO43- discharges to the sea due to SGD and NH4+ removed from the coast due to consumption by microorganisms that creates toxic algal blooms in the study area.Objectives To evaluate the impact of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on the risk of developing diabetes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients without diabetes. Methods Electronic database searches of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library plus a hand search of conference proceedings were performed from inception to October 2019. The studies assessing the association between diabetes and antirheumatic agents in RA patients in cohort or case-control design were included. Data were pooled using fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analysis according to I2 and pooled hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as summary statistic. Results A total of 15 studies involving 552,019 patients with RA (11 for hydroxychloroquine, 7 for methotrexate, 6 for tumor necrosis factor inhibitors [TNFi], and 8 for glucocorticoids) were included. In pooled analysis, a reduced risk of diabetes was reported with hydroxychloroquine (meta-HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.56-0.66), methotrexate (meta-HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.87), TNFi (meta-HR 0.