Nicolajsennguyen7843

RESULTS The variation of interest was found in 11.93% of cases. Based on the anatomical differences we determined four types of branching, type 1-3 forming the anastomosis with superficial palmar arch (being considered as positive findings) and type 4 which did not form this anastomosis (thus considered to be a negative finding). DISCUSSION We successfully determined the incidence of this arterial variation on a sufficient sample size. We also described the anatomy of this branching in detail and were able to determine four types of this branching. After careful consideration of these findings we proposed the new name for this artery and suggest to use the name superficial dorsal branch of radial artery. This could contribute to a better understanding of this branching and potential use in clinical practice. BACKGROUND Physiological adaptations of stroke patients after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study determined the HIIT and MICT effects on aerobic capacity, cerebral oxygenation, peak cardiac output (CO), and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in stroke patients. METHODS We included 23 stroke patients with age about 55 years and stroke duration > 24 months; participants completed 36 sessions of exercise training for 30 min; 13 were randomly assigned to perform MICT at 60% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and 10 to perform HIIT at alternating 80% (3 min) and 40% (3 min) VO2peak. Before and after interventions, we evaluated VO2peak, peak CO, arteriovenous oxygen difference (AV O2diff), bilateral frontal cortex oxygenation (relative changes of oxyhemoglobin Δ[O2Hb], deoxyhemoglobin Δ[HHb], and total hemoglobin Δ[THb] levels), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, and fluorescent cell stainingCT04135391. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are bio-based solid particles arisen as promising stabilizers for Pickering emulsions in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. AZ 628 in vivo This study aimed to understand the stabilization mechanism of oil-in-water emulsion using CNC as stabilizing particles. CNC were obtained from cellulose microcrystalline after acid hydrolysis, dialysis, ultrasound treatment and vacuum filtration. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed needle-shaped CNC. The CNC presented good stability against agglomeration due to the high electrostatic repulsion between particles, making them feasible to be used in O/W emulsions. O/W emulsions were stabilized by CNC and prepared using rotor-stator and ultrasound as mechanical processes. Emulsions stabilized by CNC were opaque, homogeneous and kinetically stable during few days. Small droplets generated during the ultrasound process, could be covered by cellulose nanoparticles that acted as an effective mechanical barrier against droplets coalescence in a Pickering mechanism. The mechanism of droplets stabilization was associated with electrostatic and steric repulsion between droplets. Emulsions were evaluated varying the proportion between flaxseed oil and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Emulsions with a lower proportion of CNC showed better kinetic stability compared to emulsions with higher CNC proportion. After 7 days of storage, the viscosity of emulsions with a higher proportion of CNC particles decreased, which was associated to the emulsion destabilization. Our results improved the understanding of the relationship between the proportions of oil and particles for emulsion properties by evaluating the potential application of CNC as a food emulsifier. V.Extrusion and compression molding techniques were used to process polylactide (PLA) foams using a mixture blowing agent. Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and natural flame retardants (NFR) from pumpkin (PK) and soybean (SB) were added to rigid PLA foams and the flame retardant properties of the foams were investigated. The effects of TCP content, types and amounts of NFR, and the ratio of TCP to NFR were determined on the physical, thermal and morphological characteristics of the foams. The fire-extinguishing characteristics and flame retardant mechanism of PLA foams with TCP were studied by thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL-94 techniques. The results revealed the efficiency of TCP as a flame retardant for PLA foams. Increased TCP levels contributed to a significant enhancement in fire-extinguishing characteristics. Phosphoric acid from thermal decomposition of TCP was a key factor in the proposed mechanism of flame retardation. Flame inhibition and retarded ignition of the PLA foams were achieved at all compositions of TCP and NFR. Due to the presence of compounds such as cellulose, phosphate, and silica, both PK and SB could be used as effective NFRs for PLA foams. All these characteristics promise extended applications for PLA foam in bio, circular, and green economies. V.Viscoelasticity of corn zein is associated with the formation of β-sheet secondary structures; however, studies of the fundamentals of this conformational change are limited due to zein insolubility and poor analytical resolution. Here, changes in soluble zein conformation were evaluated as the protein self-assembles in increasingly hydrophilic solvents to the concentration just before aggregation and precipitation. Circular dichroism spectra of zein showed that α-helix structures decrease in favor of random coil and β-sheets with increases in water content in an ethanol-water system, similar to observations of zein when it becomes viscoelastic in dough systems. This was further supported by changes in Thioflavin T fluorescence emission spectra and intrinsic viscosity measurements. Two widely recognized molecular models for α-zein (hairpin and superhelical conformations) were tested at 75 and 45% ethanol concentration using molecular dynamics simulation for agreement with experimental results. Increase in solvent hydrophilicity increased β-sheets and reduced distance between backbone anomeric carbons only for hairpin model, suggesting it to be the more valid of the two. These findings emphasize the importance of transformation to β-sheets during zein self-assembly and provide further insight into the mechanisms by which the protein is functionalized into viscoelastic systems. V.