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Burmese cat owners must be made aware of the condition in order to institute early evaluation, diagnosis and treatment.

Supernumerary maxillary fourth premolar teeth in cats have not been reported previously in the literature. As all five cats in this case series were shown to be related, supernumerary maxillary fourth premolar teeth may be yet another heritable health condition affecting the Burmese breed. Therefore, Burmese breeders should endeavour to reduce the incidence of supernumerary teeth within the breed by having animals examined by a veterinary dentist prior to breeding, and neutering affected, as well as related, individuals. Burmese cat owners must be made aware of the condition in order to institute early evaluation, diagnosis and treatment.

A 7-month-old Siberian cat was presented for investigation of acute onset multifocal neurological deficits. Neurological examination documented dull mental status and an ambulatory left hemiparesis. Serum biochemistry documented marked hyperglobulinaemia. MRI of the brain identified marked leptomeningeal contrast enhancement extending along the brainstem caudally to involve the cranial cervical spinal cord. MRI of the cervical spine further identified a subarachnoid diverticulum that extended from the level of the obex to the C2-C3 vertebrae. Cerebrospinal fluid quantitative RT-PCR was positive for the presence of feline coronavirus. Histopathology revealed pyogranulomatous meningitis and choroid plexitis, uveitis and nephritis.

This article describes the first reported case of a subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis.

This article describes the first reported case of a subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis.

In people with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is an inverse relationship between age and kidney failure. If this relationship is the same at any age (linear), one effect (hazard ratio) will be sufficient for accurate risk prediction; if it is nonlinear, the effect will vary with age.

To investigate the relationship between age and kidney failure in adults with category G4 chronic kidney disease (G4 CKD).

We performed a population-based study using linked administrative databases in Alberta, Canada, to study adults with G4 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] = 15-30 mL/min/1.73 m

) and without previously documented eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m

or renal replacement. We used cause-specific Cox regression to model the relationship between age and the hazard of kidney failure (the earlier of eGFR <10 mL/min/1.73 m

or receipt of renal replacement) and death, incorporating spline terms to capture any nonlinear effect of age. We included sex, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseations for risk prediction and advanced care planning.

The relationship between kidney failure and age varies with age. An age-dependent effect, rather than a constant effect, needs to be specified to accurately predict risk. These findings have implications for risk prediction and advanced care planning.

Strategies to mitigate muscle cramps are a top research priority for patients receiving hemodialysis. As hypomagnesemia is a possible risk factor for cramping, we reviewed the literature to better understand the physiology of cramping as well as the epidemiology of hypomagnesemia and muscle cramps. We also sought to review the evidence from interventional studies on the effect of oral and dialysate magnesium-based therapies on muscle cramps.

Peer-reviewed articles.

We searched for relevant articles in major bibliographic databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE. The methodological quality of interventional studies was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Blacks criteria checklist.

The etiology of muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis is poorly understood and there are no clear evidence-based prevention or treatment strategies. Several factors may play a role including a low concentration of serum magnesium. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (concentration of <0.7 mmol/L) in path a low risk of symptomatic hypermagnesemia.

Few interventional studies have examined the effect of magnesium-based therapy on muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis and most were nonrandomized, pre-post study designs.

Few interventional studies have examined the effect of magnesium-based therapy on muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis and most were nonrandomized, pre-post study designs.

There is an increasing demand to incorporate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as quality of life (QOL) in decision-making when selecting a chronic dialysis modality.

To compare the change in QOL over time among similar patients on different dialysis modalities to provide unique and novel insights on the impact of dialysis modality on PROMs.

Systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and nonrandomized controlled trials were examined via a comprehensive search strategy incorporating multiple bibliographic databases.

Data were extracted from relevant studies from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019 without limitations on country of study conduction.

Eligible studies included adults (≥18 years) with end-stage kidney disease of any cause who were prescribed dialysis treatment (either as lifetime treatment or bridge to transplant).

The 5 comparisons were peritoneal dialysis (PD) vs in-center hemodialysis (ICHD), home hemodialysis (HHD) vs ICHD, HHD modalities compared with one anotm the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) 2017 optimal use report, titled "Dialysis Modalities for the Treatment of End-Stage Kidney Disease A Health Technology Assessment." The CADTH receives funding from Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

The original research for this study was derived from the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) 2017 optimal use report, titled "Dialysis Modalities for the Treatment of End-Stage Kidney Disease A Health Technology Assessment." The CADTH receives funding from Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive kidney disease and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetic kidney disease has been strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite their susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), patients with DKD are less likely to receive appropriate cardiovascular risk modification as they are generally excluded from major cardiovascular trials. Awareness of vulnerability of these patients necessitates investigating potential interventions that would lessen their risk of adverse outcomes.

This study aimed to explore the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in modulating cardiovascular risk factors that develop with the progression of DKD.

A total of 60 adult female albino rats were allocated into 3 groups control group, untreated DKD group, and mesenchymal stem cells-treated diabetic kidney disease (MSCs-DKD) group. Blood pressure, blood glucose level, lipid profile, and atherogenic index were used to assess cardiovascular risk. All rats were killed and subjected to in vitro aortic reactivity studies 8 weeks after induction of diabetes. The MSCs-DKD rats received a single intravenous injection of MSCs 4 weeks after diabetes induction.

Mesenchymal stem cells injection significantly decreased blood pressure, atherogenic index, and blood glucose compared with untreated rats. The MSCs-DKD aorta also exhibited significant enhancement of vascular reactivity parameters despite absence of improvement in kidney function. These findings conformed to tracked MSCs, which were found residing in aortic and pancreatic tissues and absent in kidneys.

Mesenchymal stem cells hold hope of improving cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with DKD, particularly those deteriorating to ESRD.

Mesenchymal stem cells hold hope of improving cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with DKD, particularly those deteriorating to ESRD.

The Saskatchewan Medication Assessment Program (SMAP) compensates community pharmacists for medication reviews on eligible residents with the goal of optimizing patient care. Although medication reviews are meant to reduce risks associated with complex medication regimens, some patients may already be receiving specialized care from interdisciplinary health care teams from the renal programs in Saskatchewan.

A qualitative analysis was undertaken to examine the perceptions of health care providers about the SMAP process for patients receiving renal care in Saskatchewan. The goal was to explore potential benefits, facilitators, challenges, and/or barriers of the program in this population.

Qualitative descriptive study.

The semi-structured interviews took place in the province of Saskatchewan.

Community pharmacists, renal pharmacist, and nephrologists.

All nephrologists, renal pharmacists, and community pharmacies in Saskatoon and Regina were sent an invitation to participate in the study. Semi-struneed for improved education and communication.

The lack of renal patient perceptions on the SMAP process should be acknowledged and studied in future. A further limitation is the small sample size per subsample group.

Despite some negative experiences, all of the participants believed the program can be beneficial. However, several recommendations were suggested to improve the SMAP process in renal patients and other complex patient populations.

Despite some negative experiences, all of the participants believed the program can be beneficial. buy SB-715992 However, several recommendations were suggested to improve the SMAP process in renal patients and other complex patient populations.

Current health systems do not effectively address all aspects of chronic care. link2 For better self-management of disease, kidney patients have identified the need for improved health care information, interaction with health care providers, and individualization of care.

The Triple I study examined challenges to exchange of

between patients and health care providers and

of care in in-center hemodialysis with the aim of identifying the top 10 challenges that individuals on in-center hemodialysis face in these 3 areas.

We employed a sequential mixed methods approach with 3 phases1. A qualitative study with focus groups and interviews (Apr 2017 to Aug 2018);2. A cross-sectional national ranking survey (Jan 2019 to May 2019);3. A prioritization workshop using a modified James Lind Alliance process (June 2019).

In-center hemodialysis units in 7 academic centers across Canada Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Montreal, and Halifax.

Individuals receiving in-center hemodialysis, their caregid social support programs.

Participants were from urban centers and were predominately English-speaking. link3 Survey response rate of 31.5% in Phase 2 may have led to selection bias. We collected limited information on social determinants of health, which could confound our results.

Overall, the challenges we identified demonstrate that individualized care and information that improves interaction with health care providers is important to patients receiving in-center hemodialysis. In future stages of this project, we will aim to address these challenges by trialing innovative patient-centered solutions.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.