Nguyenmcfarland2628

We evaluated the structural change of the cathode material Li2MnO3 that was deposited as an epitaxial film with an (001) orientation in an all-solid-state battery. We developed an in situ surface X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, where X-rays are incident at a very low grazing angle of 0.1°. An X-ray with wavelength of 0.82518 Å penetrated an ∼2 μm-thick amorphous Li3PO4 solid-state electrolyte and ∼1 μm-thick metal Li anode on the Li2MnO3 cathode. Experiments revealed a structural change to a high-capacity (activated) phase that proceeded gradually and continuously with cycling. The activated phase barely showed any capacity fading. First-principles calculations suggested that the activated phase has O1 stacking, which is attained by first delithiating to an intermediate phase with O3 stacking and tetrahedral Li. This intermediate phase has a low Li migration barrier path in the [001] direction, but further delithiation causes an energetically favorable and irreversible transition to the O1 phase. We propose a mechanism of structural change with cycling charging to a high voltage at a sufficiently low Li concentration typically induces irreversible transition to a phase detrimental to cycling that could, but not necessarily, be accompanied by the dissolution of Mn and/or the release of O into the electrolyte, while a gradual irreversible transition to an activated phase happens at a similar Li concentration under a lower voltage.Lipidomics is developing as an important area in biomedical and clinical research. Reliable quantification of lipid species is required for clinical translation of lipidomic studies. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are commonly used techniques in lipidomics and provide class-based separation of lipids. While co-elution of lipid species and their internal standards is an advantage for accurate quantification, it leads to isotopic overlap between species of the same lipid class. In shotgun lipidomics, isotopic correction is typically done based on elemental formulas of precursor ions. In multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analyses, however, this approach should not be used, as the overall contribution of heavy isotopes to the MRM transitions' intensities depends on their location in the molecule with respect to the fragmentation pattern. We present an algorithm, provided in the R programming language, for isotopic correction in class-based separation using MRM, extracting relevant structural information from MRM transitions to apply adequate isotopic correction factors. Using standards, we show that our algorithm accurately estimates the isotopic contribution of isotopologues to MRM transitions' measured intensities. Using human plasma as an example, we demonstrate the necessity of adequate isotopic correction for accurate quantitation of lipids measured by MRM with class-based chromatographic separation. selleck kinase inhibitor We show that over a third of the measured phosphatidylcholine species had their intensity corrected by more than 10%. This isotopic correction algorithm and R-implemented application enable a more accurate quantification of lipids in class-based separation-MRM, a prerequisite for successful translation of lipidomic applications.Dulaglutide, a weekly injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated effectiveness when combined with basal insulin. We examined whether the efficacy of dulaglutide is comparable to that of prandial insulin in kidney transplant (KT) recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) therapy. Thirty-seven patients, who switched from MDI therapy to basal insulin and dulaglutide, were retrospectively analyzed. Changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, body weight, and basal insulin dose were evaluated over 6 months. Dulaglutide was comparable to three injections of prandial insulin in terms of glycemic control (HbA1c 7.1% vs. 7.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.53 to 0.28; P=0.53). The basal insulin and dulaglutide combination resulted in a reduction in FPG levels by 9.7 mg/dL (95% CI, 2.09 to 41.54; P=0.03), in body weight by 4.9 kg (95% CI, 2.87 to 6.98; P less then 0.001), and in basal insulin dose by 9.52 IU (95% CI, 5.80 to 3.23; P less then 0.001). Once-weekly dulaglutide may be an effective alternative for thrice-daily prandial insulin in KT recipients with T2DM currently receiving MDI therapy.

Children on dialysis are under increased risk of influenza and invasive pneumococcal disease. Although, vaccination against these microorganisms are recommended in dialysis patients and despite the fact that these vaccines can reduce disease burden and rates of hospitalization due to infection, vaccination rates are below expected and desired. We aimed to evaluate influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and infection rates in European pediatric dialysis centers.

In 16 centers from 11 countries, 357 pediatric dialysis patients were evaluated retrospectively during one year of observation period between 01.01.2014 and 01.01.2015.

In all centers, vaccination policy included immunization of dialysis patients with inactive influenza vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). 50% of centers recommended pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine following routine PCV series. Significantly higher pneumococcal vaccination rate (43.9 %) was seen in PD patients compared to those on HD (32.9 %) (p=0.035), while the fluenza and pneumococcal vaccines are highly recommended in pediatric dialysis patients, vaccination rates were lower than expected. Pneumococcal vaccination rates were higher in PD compared to the patients on HD. The rate of children with influenza infection was higher than pneumonia. The efficacy of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines was highlighted by the low infection rates. Higher pneumonia rates in patients vaccinated against pneumococcus compared to unvaccinated ones might be due to coexisting risk factors.

To establish the relationship between the needle biopsy and the pathology result after radical prostatectomy administrated for prostate cancer.

We retrospectively analyzed 67 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy from 2016 to 2019. All surgeries and all biopsies were performed in the third author?s urology department. The biopsies were 12-cores collected under local anesthesia. All specimens were studied in the pathology department of the third author?s center. The results evaluated were needle biopsies? Gleason scores and prostatectomy specimens? Gleason scores.

Inclusion criteria were not having any neo-adjuvant treatment and being treated with surgery after needle biopsy. Gleason scores obtained from needle biopsies and prostatectomy specimens were evaluated. The comparison revealed that 39% of the tumors were under-graded, 7% were over-graded, and 54% had exact scoring in needle biopsies and prostatectomy specimens according to the detailed Gleason scoring as primary and secondary metrics.