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RCOR1 could suppress the CSC-like properties of SCC9 cells and had direct interaction with MED28. Its overexpression partly abrogated MED28-induced expression of CSC markers. RCOR1 expression was associated with promoter hypermethylation, while MED28 expression was positively correlated with its MED28 copy number (Pearson's r=0.44) in OCSCC tissues. CONCLUSION among the mediator complex subunits, MED28 might serve as a potential biomarker of unfavorable survival. Its overexpression increased CSC-like activity of OCSCC cells, the effect of which could be abrogated by RCOR1 via direct interaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) can develop in the late phase of necrotizing pancreatitis. When the WON is accompanied by an infection in the necrotic bed, it becomes a life-threatening complication. Open necrosectomy with drainage has been the standard treatment; however, it is associated with a significant morbidity and high mortality. Therefore, minimally invasive therapeutic alternatives are in demand. Recently, a new treatment algorithm for necrotizing pancreatitis, known as the step-up approach, has been proposed. The initial report on it consisted of percutaneous drainage followed by, if necessary, a minimally invasive retroperitoneal necrosectomy. However, the endoscopic step-up approach, which consists of EUS-guided transluminal drainage followed by, if necessary, endoscopic necrosectomy, was later introduced. Recent studies have suggested that an endoscopic step-up approach might be more advantageous than a minimally invasive surgical step-up approach. A lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) with a cautery-enhanced delivery system is currently preferred over the conventional plastic stents for endoscopic interventions, because it decreases the technical difficulty of the procedure and may obviate the need for an adjunctive debridement procedure. However, some recent findings suggest that LAMS could be associated with a higher risk of stent-related complications than conventional plastic stents, especially in patients with long-term placement. Therefore, early removal of LAMS at 3 weeks post-intervention is proposed if the WON is resolved on CT examination. Thus, endoscopic interventions have emerged as a key player in the management of WON. However, multidisciplinary treatment approaches should be considered because the endoscopic approach has limitations in treating complicated WON. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) primarily infects airway epithelial cells. It also decreases airway epithelial sodium transport, especially through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) (1), which is crucial for osmosis-based fluid absorption across respiratory epithelium. Meanwhile, the electrochemical balance is maintained by secretion of chloride ions through apical chloride channels, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (1). In animals, ENaC inhibition has caused middle ear fluid collection in acute otitis media (AOM) (2). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND For fatty acid esters of monohydric alcohols, cleavage by exo-enzymes of Malassezia (M.) spp. and release of fatty acids with antimicrobial activity have been shown recently. On skin surface this selective activation of antimicrobial activity might result in a "self-kill" targeted locally at the site with the highest M. density. OBJECTIVES As for the disadvantage of strong odour, use of these esters for topical therapy is limited to low concentrations. Therefore cleavage was also tested for monoesters of octanoic and undec-10-enoic acid with the bihydric alcohol propane-1,3-diol or the threehydric glycerol. METHODS In an agar dilution test, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of these compounds were determined for M. furfur, M. globosa, M. sympodialis and M. restricta, respectively. GC analysis of parent compounds and liberated fatty acids was used to reveal ester cleavage. RESULTS Ester cleavage started immediately. MIC's for the test compounds ranged between ~1000-8000 ppm after 14 days of incubation. 1,3-propanediol esters, especially 3-hydroxypropyl octanoate and 3-hydroxypropyl undecylenate were most effective, binary combinations exerted synergistic effects. CONCLUSIONS The new substances are advantageous in terms of odour and substantivity and have also beneficial skin caring properties if not hydrolysed by M. spp. As a different panel of hydrolases of each single M. species is responsible for variation in efficacy among the test substances, tailored products to treat preferentially single species or blends with a broader effectivity can be designed. In vivo verification will be the next step for the successful development of this new therapeutical concept for M.-associated diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of mirabegron in patients with sacral/infrasacral lesions who have an acontractile detrusor and develop a low compliance bladder. METHODS This prospective study included adult patients with acontractile detrusor as a result of sacral/infrasacral lesions who develop a low compliance bladder (compliance 40 cmH2 O reduced from eight to one (P = 0.02). The cystometric bladder capacity did not change significantly. Similar effects were noted in patients who were already on clean intermittent catheterization or were started on clean intermittent catheterization at inclusion in the study. Mirabegron was well tolerated, none of the patients discontinued therapy or reported major side-effects. CONCLUSIONS Mirabegron reduces end filling pressure, improves compliance and is safe in patients with a low compliance bladder resulting from a sacral/infrasacral lesion. © 2020 The Japanese Urological Association.Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are released by plants when they encounter biotic stress, but their functions in the response to abiotic stress have not been determined. Akt inhibitor We have previously shown that exogenous application of (Z)-3-hexeny-1-yl acetate (Z-3-HAC), a kind of GLV, could alleviate salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings; however, notably little is known concerning the transcription regulation mechanisms of Z-3-HAC. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the transcriptomes and physiological indices of peanut seedlings exposed to Z-3-HAC and/or salt stress. Analysis of transcriptome data showed that 1 420 genes were upregulated in the seedlings primed with Z-3-HAC under salt stress compared with the non-primed treatment. Interestingly, these genes were significantly enriched in the photosynthetic, ascorbate metabolism-related categories, as well as several plant hormone metabolism pathways. The physiological data revealed that Z-3-HAC significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, plant height, and shoot biomass compared with the non-primed peanut seedlings under salt stress. A significantly higher ratio of K+ Na+ , reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH GSSG), and ascorbate to dehydroascorbate (AsA DHA) were also observed for the plants primed with Z-3-HAC compared with the salt stress control; meanwhile, Z-3-HAC significantly increased the activity of enzymes in the AsA-GSH cycle. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of Z-3-HAC in protecting peanut seedlings against salt stress by affecting photosynthesis, cellular redox homeostasis, K+ Na+ homeostasis, and phytohormones. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the changes of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and the electrical changes in mandibular movement and masticatory muscle surface of mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients before and after treatment with mandibular advancement device (MAD). METHODS This was a single center, prospective study recruiting OSAHS patients undergoing treatment with MAD in Department of Stomatology, Yannan Hospital, Kunming China. Patients were recruited from February 2015 to October 2015 and TMJ changes were observed in MRI scanning before and after 18 months of treatment with MAD in cohort 1. The second cohort of the patients were recruited from January 2014 to September 2015 and electrical changes in mandibular movement and masticatory muscle surface of patients before and after 6 months of treatment with MAD. RESULTS In the cohort 1, TMJ changes analyzed through MRI scanning, before and after 18 months treatment with MAD, there was no significant deviation in the angle of joint disc position. A minor change in the position relationship between condylar process, articular disc and articular fossa but not significant was observed. There was no significant difference in the shape and magnitude of mandibular incision edge movement, percussion movement, masticatory movement and condylar central trajectory among the recruited OSAHS patients, before and after 6 months of MAD treatment as analyzed through electromyography. CONCLUSION In this study, from the results it was evident that the effect of MAD on the stomatognathic system of OSAHS patients is minimal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Quantitative sensory testing methods are now standard in the evaluation of sensory function in humans, while few normal equine values have been reported. OBJECTIVES The aim of this experimental study was 1) to define the tactile sensory, mechanical nociceptive and thermal nociceptive thresholds of the equine face; 2) to assess the effect of age, sex, stimulation site and shaving; 3) to evaluate the reliability of the methods and 4) to provide reference facial quantitative sensory testing values. STUDY DESIGN Method description. METHODS Thirty-four healthy Warmblood horses were used in the study. Six (tactile sensory threshold) and 5 (mechanical nociceptive and thermal nociceptive thresholds) areas of the left side of the face with clear anatomical landmarks were evaluated. Ten horses had 2 (mechanical nociceptive threshold) or 3 (tactile sensory and thermal nociceptive thresholds) of these areas shaved for another study. A linear Mixed model was used for data analysis. RESULTS All thresholds increaical nociceptive threshold) and supraorbital foramen (thermal nociceptive threshold) resulted in the most consistent thresholds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND INFORMATION Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell and whole-body energy homoeostasis. REV-ERBα is a nuclear receptor that plays an important role in metabolism. While mTORC1 activation is necessary for muscle differentiation, the role of REV-ERBα is less clear. RESULTS We studied the effect of REV-ERBα overexpression and silencing as well as mTORC1 activation and inhibition on the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts to myotubes. mTOR, myogenin and REV-ERBα were induced during differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. REV-ERBα was found to activate mTORC1 during the differentiation process even in the absence of the differentiation medium. This activation was presumably through the downregulation of the expression of TSC1, an mTORC1 inhibitor. CONCLUSION Herein we show that REV-ERBα promotes myoblasts differentiation via the activation of the mTORC1 signalling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE REV-ERBα modulation can activate mTORC1 signalling and promote myoblasts differentiation.