Nelsonhong0842

Two sequential batch reactors (R1 and R2) of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were inoculated with activated sludge of different origins. The objective was to investigate the granulation and the consistency between the structure of the microbial communities (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) in each reactor and their metabolic performance (removal of C, N, and P). Both reactors were fed with acetate-based synthetic wastewater, targeting an anaerobic-aerobic cycle reputed to favor the phosphorus- and glycogen-accumulating organisms (PAO and GAO). Stable granulation was achieved in both reactors, where, instead of PAO, the dominant genera were ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHO) such as Thauera, Paracoccus, and Flavobacterium known for their high capacity of aerobic storage of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Generally, there was good consistency between the metabolic behavior of each reactor and the bacterial genera detected. Both reactors showed high removals of C and complete nitrification (Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira detected) but a low level of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) during the aerated phase. The latter causes that nitrates were recycled to the initial phase, in detriment of PAO selection. Meanwhile, the study showed that selecting slow-growing OHOs (with aerobic storage capacity) favors stable granulation, revealing an alternative AGS technology for C and N removal.The belt and road countries are mostly emerging and developing countries and heading to attain economic prosperity; however, this development process leads to ecological footprint. The factors of ecological footprint need to be identified and sound level of quality institutions might be helpful to overcome the issue of environmental degradation. Utilizing data from 1985 to 2019 of the belt and road initiative (BRI) countries, this study explores the effect of institutional quality indicators and financial development on carbon dioxide emission by including energy consumption and economic growth to the model. By using OLS, fixed effect, and two-step generalized method of moments, the results indicate that financial development, economic growth, and energy consumption increase carbon dioxide emission and degrade environmental quality. Three out of six institutional quality indicators that include government effectiveness, voice and accountability, and corruption control effect carbon dioxide emission positively, while the other three that include rule of law, regulatory quality, and political stability significantly rise environmental quality. The interaction terms of voice and accountability, government effectiveness, and political stability with financial development also give negative coefficients and reduce emission; however, the interaction of control of corruption with financial development is positive and the interaction of rule of law and regulatory quality with carbon dioxide is insignificant. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ew-7197.html The findings have considerable policy implication for the sample countries on each individual institutional quality indicator and financial institutions in rising environmental sustainability.Land surface temperature (LST) is defined as a phenomenon which shows that microclimate of an urban system gets heated much faster than its surrounding rural climates. The expansion of buildings has a noteworthy influence on land use/land cover (LULC) due to conversion of vegetation land into commercial and residential areas and their associated infrastructure by which LST is accelerated. The objective of the research was to study the impact of changes in LULC on LST of Southern Punjab (Pakistan) through remote sensing (RS) data. Landsat images of 30-year duration (1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017) were employed for identifying vegetation indices and LST in the study region. These images also helped to work out normalized difference water index (NDWI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) maps. There was an increase from 29620 (3.63 %) to 88038 ha (10.8 %) in built-up area over the 30 years. LST values were found in the range 12-42 °C, 11-44 °C, 11-45 °C and 11-47 °C in the years 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017, respectively. Regression coefficients (R2) 0.81, 0.78, 0.84 and 0.76 were observed between NDVI and LST in the corresponding years respectively. Our study showed that NDVI and NDWI were negatively correlated with less LST; however, NDBI showed positive correlation with high LST. Our study gives critical information of LULC and LST and will be a helpful tool for policy makers for developing effective policies in managing land resources.Removal of synthetic textile dyes poses a challenge to the textile industry and a threat to the environment's flora and fauna. These dyes are recalcitrant and not very amenable to physical and chemical techniques of degradation. Hence, several studies on alternative bioremediation methods involving plants, plant roots, single microbes, or a consortium of microbes for the decolorization of dyes have been carried out. In the present study, potent bacteria for dye decolorization were isolated from rhizospheric soil of mangrove plants collected from Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, India. Of the 20 isolates obtained after enrichment, seven isolates were used for further screening of efficient decolorization ability in minimal basal media containing 10% glucose, 2.5% trace metal solution, and 0.1% of Methyl Orange (MO) dye concentration. Physiological parameters to optimize the decolorization of dye at optimum pH, temperature, and incubation time were studied for all the seven isolates. UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate dye decolorization. The seven isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and molecular identification of these bacterial isolates was performed by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The isolates were identified as Bacillus paramycoides, Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Citrobacter murliniae, Acinetobacter pitti, Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Psychrobacter celer, and Aeromonas taiwanensis. Out of these, Aeromonas taiwanensis has shown exceptional capacity by ~ 100% decolorization of azo dye in minimum time.The effectiveness of phytoremediation is closely related to the various interactions between pollutants, soil particles, rhizosphere microorganisms, and plants. Therefore, the object of current study was a cadmium-tolerant bacterium isolated from the rye rhizosphere, with a high degree of genetic similarity to the genus Chryseobacterium. Chryseobacterium sp. DEMBc1 was able to grow with 36 different BiologGN2 carbon sources and show the adaptation to stress factors such as Cd (100 μg ml-1), low temperature (8 °C), and salinity (2% NaCl). Furthermore, it was shown that DEMBc1 had the characteristics of plant growth-promoting microorganisms it was able to produce ammonia, indole acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, and siderophores, as well as solubilize Ca3(PO4)3. After inoculation with DEMBc1, a significant decrease in the concentration of Cd was observed in the roots of Festuca ovina grown in Cd-polluted soil, compared to the non-inoculated Cd-polluted soil. It was also noticed that DEMBc1 produced a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances that were significantly higher than the cellular biomass. These polymers can form a barrier to reduce the translocation of Cd from the growth medium to the plant roots. According to the current study, DEMBc1 has a stabilizing potential and can decrease the mobility of Cd in the F. ovina rhizosphere, bioaccumulate metals in plant tissues, and effectively improve the bioavailability of nutrients, especially Fe, N, and P in a polluted environments.Historical industrial activities at the Horn Richterwil, on the shore of Lake Zurich (Switzerland), caused widespread metal contamination on land and in the adjacent lake sediments. This study provides an estimation of the age and source of the contamination by using XRF core scanning, ICP-OES, and Hg-AFS for quantitative measurements of trace metals and MC-ICP-MS for the stable isotope analysis of mercury. Radiometric dating ([Formula see text]Cs, [Formula see text]Pb, and Pu dating) of two proximal cores and varve chronology in a distal core suggest two different contaminations, one stemming from around 1960 (Zn, Cd) and an earlier one from 1880 (Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sn). The XRF data suggest two different contamination pathways one by landfill of contaminated soil and another one by industrial wastewater effluents. Maximum concentrations found within all samples are in the range of per mil (dry weight) for Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sn, and Zn and lie within the top 10 cm of the sediment cores. The analysis of the mercury isotopic composition ([Formula see text]Hg and [Formula see text]Hg) shows a significantly different signature for one of the cores, indicating a second mercury source. We could not identify the exact source or process leading to the isotopic fractionation of mercury, but the isotopic data confirm two different sources.

Multiple studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided individualized prophylaxis with human coagulation factorVIII (FVIII) compared with standard prophylaxis, but no studies have evaluated the economics of PK-guided prophylaxis in China. Hence, we conducted this study to assess the cost-effectiveness of PK-guided prophylaxis with recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) versus standard prophylaxis in Chinese adult patients with severe hemophiliaA.

A discrete event simulation model was developed to simulate 10,000 patients with hemophiliaA who received rFVIII treatment over a 1-year time horizon. The standard prophylaxis rFVIII dose was 30IU/kg by intravenous injection. The PK-guided prophylaxis dosage was adjusted for each patient to maintain FVIII trough level at 1-5IU/dL. Dosing interval for both approaches was kept fixed at 48h. The health outcomes included annual joint bleed rate (AJBR) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The model considered the costs of drug. Incremental cost-ef but lower total costs.

Newer generation bioresorbable scaffolds (BRSs) with thinner struts and improved deliverability are expected to enhance safety and efficacy profiles. Bioheart (Bio-Heart, Shanghai, China) BRS is constructed from a PLLA (poly-l-lactic acid) backbone coated with a PDLLA (poly D-l-lactic acid) layer eluting sirolimus. We report 2-year serial intracoronary imaging findings.

In this first-in-human study, 46 patients with single de novo lesions in native coronary vessels (vessel size 3.0-3.75mm, lesion length ≤ 25mm) were enrolled at a single institution. Baseline intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and post-implantation IVUS and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations were mandatory. After successful implantations of BRS, the 46 patients were randomized to two different follow-up cohorts in a 21 ratio. Thirty patients in cohort 1 had to undergo angiography, IVUS, and OCT follow-ups at 6 and 24months, respectively. The 16 patients in cohort 2 underwent the same types of imaging follow-ups at 12 and 36monthsof simple coronary lesions.

Serial 2-year clinical and imaging follow-up results confirmed the preliminary safety and efficacy of Bioheart BRS for treatment of simple coronary lesions.