Nedergaardbradford1401

In conclusion, this study identified a novel role of TRAF3 in regulation of ULK1 ubiquitination and inflammasome signaling and provided molecular mechanisms by which ubiquitination of ULK1 controls mitochondrial ROS production, inflammasome activity, and AIF-dependent pyroptosis. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.BACKGROUND It has been suggested that low vitamin D levels may affect the development of hair loss. AIMS Our aim was to evaluate the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] status in Chinese patients with alopecia areata (AA), female pattern hair loss (FPHL), and male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA) compared with healthy individuals. METHODS We performed a case-control study including 443 AA patients, 657 FPHL patients, 777 MAGA patients, and 2070 normal controls (1064 male and 1006 female healthy individuals) from 2015 to 2017 to analyze the correlation of serum 25(OH)D levels and hair loss in a Chinese population. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D levels stratified by age, sex, and season were compared between patients and healthy individuals. AA patients' serum 25(OH)D levels were statistically lower than that of controls (P  less then  .0001, α = .05). Serum 25(OH)D levels of FPHL patients (P  less then  .0001, α = .05) and MAGA patients (P = .0005, α = .05) were also significantly lower than counterpart control subjects. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association between serum 25(OH)D levels and alopecia areata, female pattern hair loss, or male androgenetic alopecia in a Chinese population. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.PROBLEM Prenatal substance exposure and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) are risk factors for adverse behavioral outcomes in children at 24 months of age. METHODS The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with abnormal behavioral development in children with prenatal substance exposure or NAS through 10 years of age. A retrospective, nonexperimental, longitudinal design to examine the effects of prenatal substance exposure and NAS on behavioral development at 1, 5, and 10 years of age, while controlling for intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organizational, and public policy characteristics. A hierarchical multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the influence of substance exposure and NAS on behavioral outcomes. FINDINGS Abnormal behavioral development was predicted at 10 years of age with polysubstance exposure to three substances (odds ratio [OR] = 2.711, p  less then  0.01) and NAS (OR = 2.077, p  less then  .001). CONCLUSION Psychiatric nursing care for children with prenatal substance exposure and NAS should include implementation of early and continued behavioral evaluation and childhood trauma and adversity surveillance in children through middle childhood. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.There is compelling evidence implicating intestinal permeability in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we examined the role of bile acids (BA) in western diet (WD)-induced loss of colonic epithelial barrier (CEB) function in mice with a genetic impairment in intestinal epithelial barrier function, junctional adhesion molecule A knockout mice, F11r-/- . WD-fed knockout mice developed severe NASH, which was associated with increased BA concentration in the cecum and loss of CEB function. Analysis of cecal BA composition revealed selective increases in primary unconjugated BAs in the WD-fed mice, which correlated with increased abundance of microbial taxa linked to BA metabolism. In vitro permeability assays revealed that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which was elevated in the cecum of WD-fed mice, increased paracellular permeability, while the BA-binding resin sevelamer hydrochloride protected against CDCA-induced loss of barrier function. Sequestration of intestinal BAs by in vivo delivery of sevelamer to WD-fed knockout mice attenuated colonic mucosal inflammation and improved CEB. Sevelamer also reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and improved metabolic derangements associated with NASH. Collectively, these findings highlight a hitherto unappreciated role for BAs in WD-induced impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier in NASH. © 2020 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.A novel eco-friendly and effective electro-membrane extraction method combining HPLC-UV was developed for the enrichment and determination of capecitabine. Tragacanth-silver nanoparticles conjugated gel was prepared by dissolving the tragacanth powder in synthesized silver nanoparticles solution and was used as a green membrane in electro-membrane extraction. The porosity and presence of silver nanoparticles in the gel were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. This new electro-membrane extraction approach uses neither organic solvent nor carrier agents to extract the target analyte. The best electro-membrane extraction efficiency was obtained by using 4.0 mm membrane gel thickness containing 2.5% w/v of tragacanth gum, donor phase pH = 5.0, acceptor phase pH = 3.0, applied voltage 50 V, extraction time 20 min and agitation rate 500 rpm. During method validation under the optimized conditions good linearity dynamic range between 1-500 ng mL-1 with the coefficient of determination (R2 ) = 0.998 was obtained. Limit of detection and Limit of quantitation were estimated to be 0.84 ng mL-1 and 1.0 ng mL-1 , respectively. Finally, the applicability of this method in real samples was confirmed by an acceptable performance in extraction and determination of capecitabine in human plasma samples. TTK21 purchase This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Exploring white matter (WM) microstructural alterations is a momentous step for gaining insights about underlying mechanisms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and improving the efficacy of therapies for this condition. Many tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies have revealed abnormalities of fractional anisotropy (FA; an index of WM integrity) in OCD. However, research works have not drawn robust conclusions. Therefore, we integrated the findings of TBSS studies to identify the most consistent FA changes in OCD using meta-analytical approach. METHODS Online databases were systematically searched for all TBSS studies comparing FA between patients with OCD and controls. A coordinate-based meta-analysis was performed using anisotropic effect size version of the seed-based d mapping software. Meanwhile, meta-regression was used to explore the potential association of clinical characteristics with regional FA abnormalities. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 488 OCD patients and 519 controls across 17 datasets.