Nashtalley0494

The published BEATS Study methodology (surveys, accelerometers, mapping, Geographic Information Science analysis and focus groups) and novel methods (environmental scan of school neighbourhoods and participatory mapping) will be used. A core component continues to be the community-based participatory approach with the sustained involvement of key stakeholders to generate locally relevant data, and facilitate knowledge translation into evidence-based policy and planning. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The BEATS-NE Study has been approved by the University of Otago Ethics Committee (reference 17/188). The results will be disseminated through scientific publications and symposia, and reports and presentations to stakeholders. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619001335189. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the combined effects of arterial hypertension, bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD) and age on the distensibility of the ascending and descending aortas in patients with aortic coarctation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted at two university medical centres, located in Berlin and London. PARTICIPANTS A total of 121 patients with aortic coarctation (ages 1-71 years) underwent cardiac MRI, echocardiography and blood pressure measurements. OUTCOME MEASURES Cross-sectional diameters of the ascending and descending aortas were assessed to compute aortic area distensibility. Findings were compared with age-specific reference values. The study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and reporting guidelines. RESULTS Impaired distensibility (below fifth percentile) was seen in 37% of all patients with coarctation in the ascending aorta and in 43% in the descending aorta. BAVD (43%) and arterial hypertension (72%) were present across all ages. In patients >10 years distensibility impairment of the ascending aorta was predominantly associated with BAVD (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.33 to 7.22, p=0.009). Distensibility impairment of the descending aorta was predominantly associated with arterial hypertension (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.2, p=0.033) and was most pronounced in patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite antihypertensive treatment. CONCLUSION From early adolescence on, both arterial hypertension and BAVD have a major impact on aortic distensibility. Their specific effects differ in strength and localisation (descending vs ascending aorta). Moreover, adequate blood pressure control is associated with improved distensibility. These findings could contribute to the understanding of cardiovascular complications and the management of patients with aortic coarctation. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Neighbourhood effect research on obesity took off in the early 2000s and was composed of mostly cross-sectional observational studies interested in various characteristics of the built environment and the socioeconomic environment. To limit biases related to self-selection and life course exposures, many researchers apply longitudinal designs in their studies. Until now, no review has specifically and exclusively examined longitudinal studies and the specific designs of these studies. In this review, we intend to answer the following research question how are the temporal measurements of contextual exposure and obesity outcomes integrated into longitudinal studies that explore how neighbourhood-level built and socioeconomic environments impact adult obesity? DESIGN A systematic search strategy was designed to address the research question. The search was performed in Embase, Web of Science and PubMed, targeting scientific papers published before 1 January 2018. The eligible studies repoions on how to better report longitudinal designs and facilitate comparisons between studies. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES The administration of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to patients with metastatic prostate cancer might be associated with some adverse effects such as anaemia; however, few studies have been performed in East Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between ADT and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) among patients with prostate cancer in a population-based nationwide cohort. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Data for the cohort study were retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Propensity score matching was used to select 7262 patients with prostate cancer who received ADT as the study group and 3631 patients who did not receive ADT as the control group. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES This study individually tracked patients over a 3-year study period and identified those who were subsequently diagnosed with IDA following the index date. PMA activator in vivo RESULTS The incidence rates of IDA in the study and control groups were 1.66 (95% CI CI 1.45 to 1.86) and 1.01 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0.78 to 1.25), respectively. Furthermore, proportional Cox regression revealed an HR of 1.62 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.12) for IDA in the study group after adjusting for patients' age, monthly income, geographic location, residential urbanisation level and incidence of hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, other cancers and gastrointestinal bleeding. CONCLUSION Compared with its non-use among patients with prostate cancer, ADT use was associated with a higher risk of IDA. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES To examine and synthesise current evidence on the factors that affect recruitment, retention, participation and progression within the clinical academic pathway, focusing on equitable participation across protected characteristics including gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation. DESIGN Scoping review and meta-thematic synthesis. DATA SOURCES Web of Science, Google Scholar. ARTICLE SELECTION We conducted a scoping review of English language articles on factors affecting recruitment, retention, progression and equitable participation in clinical academic careers published in North America, Australasia and Western Europe between January 2005 and April 2019. The most recent and relevant 39 articles were selected for meta-thematic synthesis using detailed inclusion/exclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION The articles were purposively sampled to cover protected characteristics and career stages and coded for factors related to equitable participation. 17 articles were fully coded. No new themes arose after nine papers.