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51) than males. Older age (RRR=1.04) was only related to polypharmacy among people without diabetes.

Adults with diabetes had higher prevalence rates of polypharmacy and heightened polypharmacy than those without diabetes, regardless of including antihyperglycemic drugs. Early detection of polypharmacy among older people with diabetes needs to focus on co-morbidities and obesity.

Adults with diabetes had higher prevalence rates of polypharmacy and heightened polypharmacy than those without diabetes, regardless of including antihyperglycemic drugs. Early detection of polypharmacy among older people with diabetes needs to focus on co-morbidities and obesity.Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) represent a concern for the environment and human health due to their persistence and toxicity. Exposure in Slovenia is geographically differentiated because the country, as part of former Yugoslavia, has a history of industry and regional contamination and is - at the same time - known for its clean nature. The PCB pollution of the Krupa River drew the public's attention to the chemical burden of Slovenians, and the demand for studies has been rising since. We assessed the exposure of men (n = 548) and primiparous women (n = 536) to POPs in 12 regions of Slovenia as well as exposure pathways via questionnaires. Most PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs could be determined in pooled samples of maternal milk at low concentrations (1.57 pg/gTEQ, 1.47 pg/gTEQ, and 1076 pg/g fat, respectively), but a much lower number of compounds could be measured above the LOQ in pooled men's plasma samples (PCDD/Fs 0.08 pg/gTEQ, PCBs 0.007 pg/gTEQ, ΣPBDE 920 pg/g), and only HCB, p,p'-DDE, ΣDDT, and theear of sampling, suggesting no ongoing exposure to DDT. The study findings suggest low exposure of men and lactating women to legacy pollutants in Slovenia, which gave rise to the hypothesis that Slovenia's geographical location might provide shelter from the long-range transport of POPs via Westerly winds. This hypothesis remains to be confirmed within future studies.Based on the characteristics of arid regions in the central and southern Ningxia，firstly we constructed the theoretical framework about rational allocation of water resources based on ecological priority, which supplemented and improved the theoretical system on rational allocation of water resources for sustainable development. On the basis of theoretical research, depending on its characteristic of water resources：pumping water from Yellow River in the north, piloting water from Jing River in the south and regional water resources, which formed a mixing water supply pattern of "pumping, piloting, storage". The theory of water resource allocation system was perfected. Then the mathematical model for the rational allocation of water resources was established on the basis of biggest benefit combined with economy, society and ecology. The model coincided the ecological water and domestic water benefit into the overall benefits, and provides them larger benefit coefficient and the priority order coefficient to realize the reasonable allocation of water resources on ecological priority mode. Finally, the results of allocation are analysed in detail, which provides constructive suggestions and guiding direction for the study of the rational allocation of regional water resources.In the present work, Ag nanoparticles were added to polyurea coating in order to improve its antibacterial and electrochemical properties in sulfide-reducing bacteria-containing media. To this end, Ag nano-powder was mixed with two component polyuria, and then the antibacterial behavior of the nanocomposite coating was studied in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)-containing medium. The results revealed the inhibitory effects of nanocomposite coating on the formation of SRB biofilms on the samples. Moreover, the SRB population decreased in contact with the Ag nanoparticles-mixed coating over 7 days. Investigation of the growth and activity of the bacteria represented the effective antibacterial properties of Ag nanoparticles in the polyurea matrix. Furthermore, EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) measurements indicated that the corrosion properties of the nanocomposite coating improved considerably over 7 days. The coating resistance increased 2 times by adding Ag nanoparticles after 1 day and 3.3 times after 7 days. In accordance with the same results, the charge transfer resistance increased 1.5 times and 1.1 times by adding Ag nanoparticles after 1 day and 7 days, respectively. The improvement in the protective properties of the nanocomposite coating are reflected in the increase in both film and charge transfer resistance.Plastic has created a new man-made ecosystem called plastisphere. The plastic pieces including microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have emerged as a global concern due to their omnipresence in ecosystems and their ability to interact with the biological systems. Nevertheless, the long-term impacts of MPs on biotic and abiotic resources are not completely understood, and existing evidence suggests that MPs are hazardous to various keystones species of the global biomes. MP-contaminated ecosystems show reduced floral and faunal biomass, productivity, nitrogen cycling, oxygen-generation and carbon sequestration, suggesting that MPs have already started affecting ecological biomes. However, not much is known about the influence of MPs towards the ecosystem services (ESs) cascade and its correlation with the biodiversity loss. MPs are perceived as a menace to the global ecosystems, but their possible impacts on the provisional, regulatory, and socio-economic ESs have not been extensively studied. This review investigates not only the potentiality of MPs to perturb the functioning of terrestrial and aquatic biomes, but also the associated social, ecological and economic repercussions. The possible long-term fluxes in the ES network of terrestrial and aquatic niches are also discussed.In the process of sludge electro-dewatering (EDW), ions migration accompanied has significant influences on the dewatering efficiency. However, the effects of ions on sludge electrochemical properties and the roles in EDW are still not well understood. In this paper, influences of K+, Ca2+, and Al3+ on the mechanical dewatering and EDW process were investigated, and the mechanisms of EDW were analyzed from electrokinetic phenomena and electric conduction model. The results showed that the increase of cationic valence improved sludge mechanical dewatering but deteriorated EDW performance. The spatially distributed voltage used for ionic electromigration indicated that the lagged migration of divalent cation Ca2+ consumed more energy and reduced the dewatering rate in the later stage of EDW compared to that of monovalent cation K+. And trivalent cation Al3+ migrated less and took less water out, while it made the electrochemical reaction of EDW system easier to carry out. Congo Red The decrease of the absolute zeta potential value of K+, Ca2+, and Al3+ also revealed the degeneration of dewaterability limit.