Nancesejersen5819

BACKGROUND Sleep apnea is one of the most common sleep disorders and it is related to multiple negative health consequences. Previous studies have shown that sleep apnea is influenced by genetic factors. However, studies have not investigated the genetic and environmental influences of symptoms of sleep apnea in young adults. Furthermore, the underpinnings of the relationship between apnea symptoms and internalizing/externalizing problems are unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of (1) genetic and environmental influences on self-reported apnea symptoms; (2) the relationship between self-reported apnea symptoms and internalizing/externalizing traits; (3) genetic and environmental influences on the associations between self-reported apnea symptoms, internalizing behaviors and externalizing behaviors. METHODS In a twin/sibling study, univariate and multivariate models were fitted to estimate both individual variance and sources of covariance between symptoms of sleep apnea and internalizing/externalizing behaviors. RESULTS Our results show that genetic influences account for 40% of the variance in sleep apnea symptoms. Moreover, there are modest associations between depression, anxiety and externalizing behaviors with apnea symptoms (ranging from r = 0.22-0.29). However, the origins of these associations differ. For example, whereas most of the covariation between symptoms of depression and sleep apnea can be explained by genes (95%), there was a larger role for the environment (53%) in the association between symptoms of anxiety and sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS Genetic factors explain a significant proportion of variance in symptoms of apnea and most of the covariance with depression.BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa affects most organ systems, with 80% suffering from cardiovascular complications. AIMS To define echocardiographic abnormalities in anorexia nervosa through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility of publications from Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews registries. Studies were included if anorexia nervosa was the primary eating disorder and the main clinical association in described cardiac abnormalities. Data was extracted in duplicate and quality-assessed with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. For continuous outcomes we calculated mean and standardised mean difference (SMD), and corresponding 95% confidence interval. For dichotomous outcomes we calculated proportion and corresponding 95% confidence interval. For qualitative data we summarised the studies. RESULTS We identified 23 eligible studies totalling 960 patients, with a mean age of 17 years and mean body mass index of 15.2 kg/m2. Fourteen studies (469 participants) reported data suitable for meta-analysis. Cardiac abnormalities seen in anorexia nervosa compared with healthy controls were reduced left ventricular mass (SMD 1.82, 95% CI 1.32-2.31, P less then 0.001), reduced cardiac output (SMD 1.92, 95% CI 1.38-2.45, P less then 0.001), increased E/A ratio (SMD -1.10, 95% CI -1.67 to -0.54, P less then 0.001), and increased incidence of pericardial effusions (25% of patients, P less then 0.01, 95% CI 17-34%, I2 = 80%). Trends toward improvement were seen with weight restoration. CONCLUSIONS Patients with anorexia nervosa have structural and functional cardiac changes, identifiable with echocardiography. Further work should determine whether echocardiography can help stratify severity and guide safe patient location, management and effectiveness of nutritional rehabilitation.BACKGROUND Psychotic experiences (PEs) are reported by a significant minority of adolescents and are associated with the development of psychiatric disorders. The aims of this study were to examine associations between PEs and a range of factors including psychopathology, adversity and lifestyle, and to investigate mediating effects of coping style and parental support on associations between adversity and PEs in a general population adolescent sample. METHOD Cross-sectional data were drawn from the Irish centre of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe study. Students completed a self-report questionnaire and 973 adolescents, of whom 522 (53.6%) were boys, participated. PEs were assessed using the 7-item Adolescent Psychotic Symptom Screener. RESULTS Of the total sample, 81 (8.7%) of the sample were found to be at risk of PEs. In multivariate analysis, associations were found between PEs and number of adverse events reported (OR 4.48, CI 1.41-14.25; p less then 0.011), maladaptive/pathological internet use (OR 2.70, CI 1.30-5.58; p = 0.007), alcohol intoxication (OR 2.12, CI 1.10-4.12; p = 0.025) and anxiety symptoms (OR 4.03, CI 1.57-10.33; p = 0.004). There were small mediating effects of parental supervision, parental support and maladaptive coping on associations between adversity and PEs. CONCLUSION We have identified potential risk factors for PEs from multiple domains including adversity, mental health and lifestyle factors. The mediating effect of parental support on associations between adversity and PEs suggests that poor family relationships may account for some of this mechanism. These findings can inform the development of interventions for adolescents at risk.The impact of cream processing on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) was assessed in an industrial setting for the first time. Three creams and their derived MFGM fractions from different stages of the pasteurization procedure at a butter dairy were investigated and compared to a native control as well as a commercial MFGM fraction. The extent of cross-linking of serum proteins to MFGM proteins increased progressively with each consecutive pasteurization step. Unresolved high molecular weight aggregates were found to consist of both indigenous MFGM proteins and β-lactoglobulin as well as αs1- and β-casein. With regards to fat globule stability and in terms of resistance towards coalescence and flocculation after cream washing, single-pasteurized cream exhibited reduced sensitivity to cream washing compared to non- and double-pasteurized creams. Inactivation of the agglutination mechanism and the increased presence of non-MFGM proteins may determine this balance between stable and non-stable fat globules.BACKGROUND There is a need for rapid and accurate diagnostic biomarker for diagnosis of Salmonella fever. AIMS The aim of the present study was to assess the utility of procalcitonin (PCT), Soluble Triggering Receptors 1 on Myeloid Cells (sTREM1) and C- reactive protein (CRP) in diagnosis of enteric fever with positive blood culture for S.typhi. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were withdrawn from 200 patients with suspected enteric fever and subjected for determination of CRP, PCT and sTREM-1. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity for PCT cut off was 97.7% &82.5% for each, for CRP the sensitivity and specificity were 95.3% and 77% for each and for s-TREM-1 the sensitivity and specificity were 95.3% & 77%. CONCLUSION S-TREM-1 may be considered as a novel biomarker for such diagnosis of enteric fever with good sensitivity and specificity. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.OBJECTIVES In this study we aimed to assess the value of admission time CBC parameters in predicting post-primary PCI corrected TIMI frame count. BACKGROUND Recent years have witnessed large series of studies evaluating different laboratory variables to predict no-reflow phenomenon following primary PCI (PPCI) in patients with STEMI. However, a general agreement about the most reliable predictor of no reflow phenomenon is challenging and also intriguing. METHODS The current study concluded 208 consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) from January 2014 to February 2016. Blood samples were obtained after taking ECG. Complete blood samples collected and were analyzed within 5 minutes from sampling. Post-PCI corrected Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count was determined by one interventional cardiologist blinded to patients' clinical data. The correlation between admission time blood parameters and post-primary PCI corrected TIMI frame count @benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND This study determined the effect of Biochanin A (BCA) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats. METHODS Animals (Weighing 150-180 g) were divided into four groups, with six animals in each group and pretreated with BCA (10mg/kg body weight [BW] and ɑ-tocopherol (60mg/kg BW for 30 days; and ISO (20mg/kg BW) was administrated subcutaneously on the day 31 and 32. RESULTS ISO-induced MI rats demonstrated the significant elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin; however, concomitant pretreatment with BCA protected the rats from cardiotoxicity caused by ISO. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase had significantly reduced in the heart with ISO-induced MI. Pretreatment with BCA produced a marked reversal of these antioxidant enzymes related to MI¬¬-induced by ISO. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study suggested that BCA exerts cardioprotective effects through modulating lipid peroxidation, enhancing antioxidants, and detoxifying enzyme systems. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, which is also known as gallic acid, is an anti-inflammatory agent who could provide beneficial effects in preventing periodontal inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid on experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats. Alveolar bone loss, osteoclastic activity, osteoblastic activity, and collagenase activity were also determined. METHODS 32 Wistar rats were used in the present study. Study groups were created as following Healthy control (C,n=8) group; periodontitis (P,n=8) group; periodontitis and 30 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G30,n=8); periodontitis and 60 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G60,n=8). Experimental periodontitis was created by placing 4-0 silk sutures around the mandibular right first molar tooth. Morphological changes in alveolar bone were determined by stereomicroscopic evaluation. Mandibles were undergone histological evaluation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor of MMteoblastic activity. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative orthopedic disease with multiple pathologic changes in joints that occurs in large population worldwide. No treatment can reverse the progress of OA. Since exosomes were first reported in 1983, researches have been conducted to explore the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of exosomes in treating OA. Exosomes derived from Mesenchymal stem cells have attracted increasingly attention in tackling disease. This article summarizes the current advances and challenges in exosomes for OA, which may provide reference for further research. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.