Myersroach3485

Long-term survival after lung transplant lags behind other commonly transplanted organs, reflecting the current incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of post-transplant lung injury, rejection, infection, and chronic allograft dysfunction. To address this unmet need, two ongoing NIAID funded studies through the clinical trials in organ transplant consortium (CTOT) CTOT-20 and CTOT-22 were dedicated to understanding the clinical factors and biological mechanisms that drive chronic lung allograft dysfunction and those that maintain cytomegalovirus polyfunctional protective immunity. The CTOT-20 and CTOT-22 studies enrolled 800 lung transplant recipients at five North American centers over 3 years. Given the number and complexity of subjects included, CTOT-20 and CTOT-22 utilized innovative data transfers and capitalized on patient entered data collection to minimize site manual data entry. The data were coupled with an extensive biosample collection strategy that included DNA, RNA, plasma, serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage cell pellet. This Special Article describes the CTOT-20 and CTOT-22 protocols, data and biosample strategy, initial results and lessons learned through study execution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES Few studies have explored the oral health training needs and professional self-efficacy (PSE) in both pharmacy support staff and pharmacists related to managing children's dental problems. This study assessed community pharmacy staff perceptions of their (i) training experiences and interests; (ii) PSE; and (iii) whether this was influenced by the pharmacy being part of a minor ailment scheme (MAS), where staff could directly offer advice and issue prescription medications without patients seeing a doctor. METHODS All of the 1851 community pharmacies across London, UK, were invited to participate in an online questionnaire. Staff rated their prior training, perceived need for further training and confidence in giving parents advice related to three dental problems in children (dental pain, mouth ulcers and dental trauma). Information was collected about staff roles and whether the pharmacy was a MAS. KEY FINDINGS From 752 community pharmacies, 846 community pharmacy staff participated. Positive experiences of training were variable but interest in further training for all three dental problems was high. Pharmacy support staff had significantly lower PSE scores than pharmacy professionals (P = 0.009). A significant interaction showed that pharmacy staff who had poorly rated prior training on advising parents about managing their child's dental pain and who did not work in a MAS had lower PSE scores than staff who had highly rated training and who worked in a MAS (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Minor ailment scheme pharmacies may be an optimal environment for frontline pharmacy support staff to develop higher PSE when combined with good quality oral health training. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Pharmaceutical Society.INTRODUCTION Lonicera japonica Thunb. is an economically important species of honeysuckle belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family. All aerial parts of L. japonica (leaf, flower bud, flower, and caulis) are used as herbal remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. The application of plant metabolomics to the study of L. japonica provides the potential for identifying the phytochemical composition and useful chemical markers of the plant. OBJECTIVE To develop a strategy integrating metabolic profiling and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to separate the aerial parts of L. japonica based on the occurrence of chemical markers. METHODOLOGY The two-part strategy consisted of (1) ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-triple TOF-MS/MS), (2) PLS-DA, which was applied to distinguish between the different aerial parts and reveal their differential characteristic metabolites. RESULTS A total of 71 metabolites were identified from samples, and eight candidate compounds were identified (lonicerin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, loganin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, secologanic acid, luteoloside, astragalin) as optimal chemical markers based on variable importance in projection (VIP) and p-value. The relative contents of eight candidate compounds were compared based on their peak intensities. CONCLUSION This study established an efficient strategy for exploring metabolite profiling and defining chemical markers among the different aerial parts of L. japonica, and laid the foundation for elucidating the phytochemical differences in efficacy between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) and Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis (LJC). Our findings also indicate that the leaves of L. japonica leaf could be used as an alternative medicinal resource for LJF and provide a reference for comprehensive exploitation and utilisation of L. japonica resources. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate any association between self-rated health (SRH) and general perception about medicines using the Beliefs About Medicine Questionnaire-General (BMQ-G) in Hong Kong hospital outpatients. Moreover, the study aims to demonstrate any association between social desirability bias or response (SDR) and BMQ-G, SRH reporting in this population. METHODS Seven hundred and sixty-nine outpatients, who satisfied the selection criteria, were cordially invited to participate in this study by completing a combined questionnaire of demographic information, BMQ-G, SRH and SDR Set-5 in person, while waiting to collect their medications outside a Hong Kong hospital pharmacy. Results were analysed statistically. KEY FINDINGS The number of valid questionnaires returned for statistical analysis was 698. Logistic regressions indicated age groups, gender and SRH were significant predictors for BMQ-G reporting. Patients aged over 62, male or those with high SRH were less likely to present high BMQ-G scores, compared to patients aged under 45, female or those with low SRH, respectively (OR 0.43, 0.73 and 0.66, respectively, all CIs 95%). Logistic regressions also demonstrated overall BMQ-G, and SRH reporting was unlikely to be associated with SDR (all P > 0.05) although age was a significant predictor for SDR reporting (OR = 1.10; CI 95%). Selleckchem RZ-2994 CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated age groups, gender and self-rated health significantly associated with general medicine beliefs reporting. The possible association between socially desirable bias and general medicine beliefs or self-rated health reporting was insignificant. © 2020 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.Posttraumatic growth is a positive psychological change that occurs as a result of tackling vital crises. Although cancer is perceived as a fatal disease, the individual's struggle with many negative conditions during diagnosis and treatment can provide positive change and development. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of the posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) in Turkish cancer patients. This study included 265 cancer patients receiving treatment at the chemotherapy unit of two university hospitals located in northern Turkey. Percentages, frequencies, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to analyse the data, and Cronbach's α measured internal consistency. EFA yielded a five-factor structure Spiritual and existential change, change in perception of life and selfness, relating to others, personal strength and new possibilities. Fit indices for CFA were root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), 0.06; non-normed fit index (NNFI), 0.92; comparative fit index (CFI), 0.90; root mean residuals (RMR), 0.06; and goodness-of-fit index (GFI), 0.90. The overall Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.93. PTGI was determined as a reliable and valid tool for Turkish cancer patients. PTGI, which has a determined validity and reliability rate, can be used by healthcare professionals working with oncology patients to evaluate the positive psychological growth and changes in cancer patients and determine their adoption rate. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.In this study, total flavonoids and total triterpenoid acid were extracted with ethyl acetate from Hedyotis Diffusa Willd , hepatoprotective activities of them and five compounds from total flavonoids against H 2 O 2  induced hepatocyte damage on HL-02 was determined. In particular, amentoflavone and total flavonoids had influence on the leakage of ALT, AST, LDH, the activities of SOD and the content of MDA. They effectively reduced the loss of MMP, the release of CytC, and then inhibited activation of caspase-3/caspase-9 cascade in hepatotoxic cells. The contents of ROS were significantly reduced to inhibit p38 in amentoflavone and flavonoids groups which decreased ASK1 and p-p38 levels through increasing thioredoxin Trx1 and reductase TrxR1. The results suggesting that the antioxidant protection of amentoflavone and flavonoids might be reducing ROS to inhibit the H 2 O 2 -induced upstream of pathway via increasing levels of Trx1 and TrxR1, which were pivotal in blocking the down streaming effectors of ASK1/p38 MAPK pathway and alleviating hepatotoxicity. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Advances in digital image analysis have the potential to transform the practice of breast pathology. In the near future, a move to a digital workflow offers improvements in efficiency. Coupled with artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology can assist pathologist interpretation, automate time-consuming tasks, and discover novel morphologic patterns. Opportunities for digital enhancements abound in breast pathology, from increasing reproducibility in grading and biomarker interpretation, to discovering features that correlate with patient outcome and treatment. Our objective is to review the most recent developments in digital pathology with clear impact to breast pathology practice. Although breast pathologists currently undertake limited adoption of digital methods, the field is rapidly evolving. Care is needed to validate emerging technologies for effective patient care. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVES The effects of stress caused by natural disasters may be more pronounced in individuals with preexisting disadvantages. The degree of hardship and psychological distress associated with Hurricane Florence was assessed in 83 pregnant women. This research helps identify unmarried pregnant women as a group particularly at risk of distress following a natural disaster. METHODS We assessed hardship associated with the hurricane using a questionnaire modeled on previous studies of stress due to natural disasters. We assessed distress using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. We assessed social support and household food security using validated questionnaires. We used hierarchical linear regression to test predictors of distress marital status. Finally, we analyzed interactions between marital status and hardship, social support, and food security to examine whether these variables explained differences in distress among married and unmarried women. RESULTS Results indicated that unmarried women may be at higher risk of distress following natural disasters.