Myershougaard3137

4%; 95% CI, 2.6%-4.4%) had CP. Selleckchem Baf-A1 After statistical adjustment for birth term and antenatal corticosteroid use, a significant decrease in CP was observed after implementation of a protocol of MgSO

administration in mothers before imminent preterm birth at <33weeks of gestation (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.98; P=.04).

The prevalence of CP at 2years after very preterm birth was low. The implementation of a neuroprotective protocol with MgSO

was associated with reduced CP occurrence; however, several relevant limitations must be considered for interpretation.

The prevalence of CP at 2 years after very preterm birth was low. The implementation of a neuroprotective protocol with MgSO4 was associated with reduced CP occurrence; however, several relevant limitations must be considered for interpretation.

To examine the frequency of placental abnormalities in a multicenter cohort of newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and to determine the association between acuity of placental abnormalities and clinical characteristics of HIE.

Infants born at ≥36weeks of gestation (n=500) with moderate or severe HIE were enrolled in the High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy Trial. A placental pathologist blinded to clinical information reviewed clinical pathology reports to determine the presence of acute and chronic placental abnormalities using a standard classification system.

Complete placental pathologic examination was available for 321 of 500 (64%) trial participants. Placental abnormalities were identified in 273 of 321 (85%) and were more common in infants ≥40weeks of gestation (93% vs 81%, P=.01). A combination of acute and chronic placental abnormalities (43%) was more common than either acute (20%) or chronic (21%) abnormalities alone. link2 Acute abnormalities included meconium staining of the placenta (41%) and histologic chorioamnionitis (39%). Chronic abnormalities included maternal vascular malperfusion (25%), villitis of unknown etiology (8%), and fetal vascular malperfusion (6%). Infants with chronic placental abnormalities exhibited a greater mean base deficit at birth (-15.9 vs -14.3, P=.049) than those without such abnormalities. Patients with HIE and acute placental lesions had older mean gestational ages (39.1 vs 38.0, P<.001) and greater rates of clinically diagnosed chorioamnionitis (25% vs 2%, P<.001) than those without acute abnormalities.

Combined acute and chronic placental abnormalities were common in this cohort of infants with HIE, underscoring the complex causal pathways of HIE.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02811263.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02811263.

To test the hypothesis that our motivational sexual health intervention (SexHealth) would increase health service uptake when compared with control.

In a randomized controlled trial at a pediatric emergency department, sexually active adolescents received either the SexHealth intervention or printed materials (control). SexHealth, delivered by a health educator, was a tablet-based, interactive intervention that included motivational techniques to promote sexual health, condom skills training, and tailored service recommendations. We assessed feasibility (eg, intervention completion, recommendations discussed, intervention duration), acceptability (ie, proportion enrolled and rating intervention as satisfactory), and efficacy; secondary outcomes were sexual and care-seeking behaviors at 6months. The efficacy outcome was completion of ≥1 service at the index visit (ie, counseling, condoms, emergency contraception for immediate or future use, pregnancy/sexually transmitted infection/HIV testing, sexually transmitted infection treatment, and clinic referral).

We enrolled 91 participants (intervention=44; control=47). The intervention demonstrated high feasibility 98% completed the intervention; 98% of recommendations were discussed; duration was 24.6minutes, and acceptability 87% of eligible adolescents enrolled and 93% rated the intervention as fairly to very satisfactory. Compared with controls, intervention participants were more likely to complete ≥1 service (98% vs 70%, P<.001) including HIV testing (33% vs 6%, P=.02) and emergency contraception (80% vs 0%, P=.01). There were no meaningful differences between arms in behaviors at follow-up.

SexHealth was feasible to implement, acceptable to youth, and resulted in increased uptake of health services during the emergency department visit. Additional strategies may be needed to extend intervention effects over time.

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03341975.

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03341975.

To compare mealtime behaviors and diet quality in Chinese preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing preschoolers in Hong Kong.

This case-control study included a community sample of 65 families with preschoolers with ASD aged 3-6years and 65 families with typically developing preschoolers matched for age and sex. Preschoolers' eating behaviors were assessed using the Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviour Inventory and the Preschoolers' Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CPEBQ). Preschoolers' usual diet and nutrient intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality and diversity were generated using the Chinese Children Dietary Index total score and diet variety score. Between-group differences in various scales and dietary variables were examined using multivariate linear or logistics regression models adjusting for baseline demographic differences.

Compared with the typically developing group, the ASD group had greater scores in the Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviour Inventory food refusal domain (P<.001), the CPEBQ food fussiness (P=.001) and eating habit (P=.001) domains, and lower CPEBQ exogenous eating score (P=.003) and initiative eating score (P<.001). The Chinese Children Dietary Index total score (P=.001) and diet variety score (P=.005) and intake of soy and soy products (P=.001) were lower in the ASD group compared with the typically developing group.

Preschoolers with ASD showed more eating and mealtime problems, and lower diet quality and diversity than their typically developing counterparts. Our findings highlight the need for regular monitor and early identification of mealtime behavioral and nutrition problems among preschoolers with ASD.

Preschoolers with ASD showed more eating and mealtime problems, and lower diet quality and diversity than their typically developing counterparts. Our findings highlight the need for regular monitor and early identification of mealtime behavioral and nutrition problems among preschoolers with ASD.

To assess trends of dyslipidemia among youth, we investigated secular trends in serum lipid levels from 2007 to 2018 and the current prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korean children and adolescents.

This cross-sectional study investigated lipid profiles of 10 734 youths aged 10-18years using data from phases IV-VII of the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. We assessed age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted mean levels of lipids at each survey.

Mean levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels increased from phase IV to VII. Among boys, the prevalence of acceptable levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C decreased significantly (P=.005, P=.001, and P<.001, respectively). In girls, the prevalence of acceptable levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C decreased significantly (P=.003, P=.005, P=.008, and P=.013, respectively). In BMI- and age-specific analyses, worsening trends in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and non-HDL levels were more apparent in youths with a normal BMI and young age.

Dyslipidemia trends are worsening in Korean youth, even in those with a normal BMI and young age. Thus, future cardiovascular disease risk may increase and comprehensive management plans are required for youth with overweight or obesity and those with a normal BMI and young age.

Dyslipidemia trends are worsening in Korean youth, even in those with a normal BMI and young age. link3 Thus, future cardiovascular disease risk may increase and comprehensive management plans are required for youth with overweight or obesity and those with a normal BMI and young age.There is concern that in-person schooling during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will facilitate disease transmission. Through asymptomatic surveillance and contact tracing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we found low rates of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and little in-school transmission of COVID-19 when physical distancing and masking strategies were enforced despite a high community prevalence of COVID-19.Sigma-2 receptor/transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97) is upregulated in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Traditional sigma-2 receptor agonists induce apoptosis and autophagy, making them of interest in cancer therapy. Recently, we reported a novel metabolically stimulative function of the sigma-2 receptor, showing increased 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and stimulation of glycolytic hallmarks. 6-Substituted analogs of the canonical sigma-2 receptor antagonist, 6-acetyl-3-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (SN79), produce both metabolically stimulative and cytotoxic effects. Here, we compare the activities of two related compounds 6-amino-3-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (CM571), the 6-amino derivative of SN79, which binds with high affinity to both sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors, and 1,3-bis(3-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)thiourea (MAM03055Ahese results suggest that monovalent and bivalent sigma-2 receptor ligands in this series interact differently with the receptor, thus resulting in divergent effects.Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor 1 signaling exerts cardioprotective effects including inhibition of myocyte apoptosis. However, little is known about the effect of S1P treatment on myocyte autophagy after myocardial infarction (MI). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that S1P induces myocyte autophagy through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), leading to improvement of left ventricular (LV) function after MI. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent MI or sham operation. The animals were randomized to receive S1P (50 μg/kg/day, i.p.) or placebo for one week. H9C2 cardiomyocytes cultured in serum- and glucose-deficient medium were treated with or without S1P for 3 h. MI rats exhibited an increase in LV end-diastolic dimension (EDD) and decreases in LV fractional shortening (FS) and the maximal rate of LV pressure rise (+dP/dt). S1P treatment attenuated the increase in LV EDD and decreases in LV FS and +dP/dt. In the MI placebo group, the LC3 II/I ratio, a marker of autophagy, was increased, and increased further by S1P treatment. S1P also enhanced the autophagy-related proteins Atg4b and Atg5 after MI. Similarly, in cultured cardiomyocytes, autophagy was increased under glucose and serum deprivation, and increased further by S1P treatment. The effect of S1P on myocyte autophagy was associated with mTOR inhibition after MI or in cultured cardiomyocytes under glucose and serum deprivation. S1P treatment prevents LV remodeling, enhances myocyte autophagy and inhibits mTOR activity after MI. These findings suggest that S1P treatment induces myocyte autophagy through mTOR inhibition, leading to the attenuation of LV dysfunction after MI.