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There was no pathological evidence of renal, hepatic or other organ dysfunction after Nano-flavonoids administration, which showed no significantly influence cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Labrasol/F68-NMs loaded with MYR and quercetin could enhance anti-glioma effect in vitro and in vivo, which may be better tools for medical therapy, while the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Nano-flavonoids may ensure optimal therapeutic benefits. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.The intent of this investigation was to develop pemetrexed diacid (PTX)-loaded gelatine-cloisite 30B (MMT) nanocomposite for the potential oral delivery of PTX and the in vitro, and ex vivo assessment. Gelatin/Cloisite 30 B (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by blending gelatin with MMT in aqueous solution. PTX was incorporated in the nanocomposite preparation. The nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier Transmission Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) respectively and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM). FT-IR of nanocomposite showed disappearance of all major peaks which corroborated the formation of nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were found to have particle size 121.9 ± 1.85 nm and zeta potential -12.1 ± 0.63 mV. DSC thermogram of drug loaded nanocomposites indicated peak at 117.165 oC and 205.816 oC, which clearly revealed that the drug has been incorporated into the nanocomposite because of cross-linking of cloisite 30 B and gelatin in presence of glutaraldehyde. SEM images of gelatin show a network like structure which is disappeared in the nanocomposite. The kinetics of the drug release was studied in order to ascertain the type of release mechanism. The drug release from nanocomposites was in controlled manner, followed first-order kinetics and the drug release mechanism was found Fickian type. Ex vivo gut permeation studies revealed 4 times enhancement in permeation of drug present in the nanocomposite as compared to plain drug solution and were further affirmed by CLSM. Thus, gelatin/(MMT) nanocomposite could be potential for the oral delivery of PTX in cancer therapy and future prospects for the industrial pharmacy. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Pediatric tumors remain the highest cause of death in developed countries. Research on novel therapeutic strategies with lesser side effects is of utmost importance. In this scenario, the role of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) axes, the classical one formed by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II and AT1 receptor and the alternative axis composed by ACE2, Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor, have been investigated in cancer. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to summarize the pathophysiological role of RAS in cancer, evidence for anti-tumor effects of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis and future therapeutic perspectives for pediatric cancer. METHODS Pubmed, Scopus and Scielo were searched in regard to RAS molecules in human cancer and in pediatric patients. The search terms were "RAS", "ACE", "Angiotensin-(1-7)", "ACE2", "Angiotensin II", "AT1 receptor", "Mas receptor", "Pediatric", "Cancer". RESULTS Experimental studies have shown that Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits the growth of tumors cells and reduces local inflammation and angiogenesis in several types of cancer. Clinical trials with Angiotensin-(1-7) or TXA127, a pharmaceutical grade formulation of the naturally occurring peptide, have reported promising findings, but not enough to recommend medical use in human cancer. In regard to pediatric cancer, only three articles that marginally investigated RAS components were found and none of them evaluated molecules of the alternative RAS axis. CONCLUSION Despite the potential applicability of Angiotensin-(1-7) in pediatric tumors, the role of this molecule was never tested. Further clinical trials are necessary, also including pediatric patients, to confirm safety and efficiency and to define therapeutic targets. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Therapeutic peptides (TPs) are biological macromolecules which can act as neurotransmitters, hormones, ion channel ligands and growth factors. Undoubtedly, TPs are crucial in the modern medicine. But low bio-stability and some special adverse reactions reduce their places to the application. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) in pharmaceutical science gained much attention. They can encapsulate the TPs into their membrane or shell. Therefore, they can protect the TPs against degradation and then increase the bioavailability, which was thought to be the biggest advantage of them. Additionally, targeting was also studied to improve the effect of TPs. However, there were some drawbacks of nano TPs like low loading efficiency and difficulty to manufacture. Nowadays, lots of studies focused on improving TPs' effect by preparing nanoparticles. In this review, we presented the brief analysis of peptide-combined nanoparticles. Their advantages and disadvantages were listed in terms of mechanism. And several examples of applications were summarized. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.The non-enzymatic interaction of sugar and protein resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end products responsible for cell signaling alterations ultimately lead to the human chronic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. Studies suggest that AGEs upon interaction with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) result in the production of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals that exert altered gene expression effect. Till date many studies unveiled the potent role of synthetic and natural agents in inhibiting the glycation reaction at lesser or greater extent. This review focuses on the hazards of glycation reaction and its inhibition by natural antioxidants including polyphenols. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Accumulating evidence demonstrates that miRNAs serve as critical biomarkers in various complex human diseases. Thus, identifying potential miRNA-disease associations have become a hot research topic for providing better understanding of disease pathology, including cell carcinoma, cell proliferation and mevalonate pathway. Recently, based on various biological datasets, more and more computational prediction methods have been designed to uncover disease-related miRNAs for further experimental validation. Due to the fact that different limitations exist in previous computational methods, we proposed the model of Decision Template-based MiRNA-Disease Association prediction (DTMDA) to prioritize potential related miRNAs for diseases of interest. By integrating miRNA functional similarity network, miRNA Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity network, two disease semantic similarity networks and disease Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity network, we trained five multi-label K nearest neighbors-based core classifiers. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND The expression profile and function of GMFB, which mainly expressed in the brain of vertebrates, is still unknown, especially under the condition of nerve injury. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry Staining, TTC staining, Micro-PET and ELISA were applied to analyze the clinical diagnostic value of GMFB in cerebral infarction. The results of Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry Staining showed that GMFB is mainly expressed in the nucleus of nerve cells, and it has the prerequisite for being a chemical marker. The death rate of astrocytes and the concentration of free GMFB protein in the medium increased gradually with the prolongation of hypoxia-ischemia treatment time. Moreover, the levels of GMFB in plasma increased in a rat model of cerebral infarction, which is positively correlated with the degree of infarction. Furthermore, the time dependent increase of GMFB in plasma was confirmed by using clinical samples. The increase of GMFB level appeared at early stage of cerebral infarction (within 24 hours), and sustained for more than one week. CONCLUSION In summary, our results provide the evidence that GMFB can be served as a novel indicator for nerve hypoxic-ischemic injury in cell culture, animal model and clinical samples, which play an important role in diagnosis of cerebral infarction. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.In this report, we extend the SAR analysis of a number of lipophilic guanylhydrazone analogues with respect to in vitro growth inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. Sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, caused by the tropical parasites T. brucei and T. PKR-IN-C16 cruzi, constitute a significant socioeconomic burden in low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, respectively. Drug development is under-funded. Moreover, current treatments are outdated and difficult to administer, while drug resistance is an emerging concern. The synthesis of adamantane-based compounds that have potential as antitrypanosomal agents, is extensively reviewed. The critical role of the adamantane ring was further investigated by synthesizing and testing a number of novel lipophilic guanylhydrazones. Introduction of hydrophobic bulky substituents onto the adamantane ring generated the most active analogues, illustrating the synergistic effect of the lipophilic character of the C1 side chain and guanylhydrazone moiety on trypanocidal activity. The n-decyl C1-substituted compound G8 (R = C10H21) proved to be the most potent adamantane derivative against T. brucei with activity in nanomolar range (EC50=90 nM). Molecular simulations were also performed as an effort to understand the structure-activity relationships between the studied guanylhydrazone analogues and their suggested enzyme target. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND There is significant interest in effective oral drug delivery of therapeutic substances. For probiotics, there is a particular need for a delivery platform that protects the bacteria from destruction by the acidic stomach while enabling targeted delivery to the intestine where microbiota naturally reside. The use of probiotics and how they impact the gut microbiota is a growing field and holds promise for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel disease Crohn's disease and C. diff and other diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to use our newly developed chemically-modified alginate hydrogel with the characteristic feature of stability in acidic environments but disintegration under neutral-basic pH conditions to design a novel system for effective targeted delivery of ingested probiotics. METHOD AND RESULTS We have used the approach of encapsulation of bacterial cells in the hydrogel of the modified alginate with in vitro studies in both simulated stomach acid and intestinal fluid conditions to demonstrate the potential application of this novel platform in oral delivery of probiotics.