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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver pathology in the western countries. Psoriatic patients are at higher risk of having NAFLD, and at higher risk of experiencing a more severe form of the disease with poorer outcomes. The components of the metabolic syndrome - obesity, lipid abnormalities, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes - significantly correlate with NAFLD progression. The inflammatory state present in psoriasis plays a significant role in development of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. All patients with psoriasis and insulin resistance and risk factors for metabolic syndrome should also been screened for NAFLD, and planning of the treatment options should always take into consideration the possible risks related to the liver, especially in patients with NAFLD.Psoriasis is a systemic disease that is strictly connected with metabolic disorders (insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases). selleck chemicals llc It occurs more often in patients with a more severe course of the disease. Obesity is specially an independent risk factor and it is associated with a worse treatment outcome because of the high inflammatory activity of visceral fatty tissue and the production of inflammatory mediators involved in the development of both psoriasis and metabolic disorders. However, in psoriasis the activation of the Th17/IL-17 and the abnormalities in the Th17/Treg balance axis are observed, but this pathomechanism does not fully explain the frequent occurrence of metabolic disorders. Therefore, there is a need to look for better biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of concomitant disorders and therapeutic effects in psoriasis. In addition, the education on the use of a proper diet as a prophylaxis for the development of the above disorders is an important element of holistic care for a patient with psoriasis. Diet may affect gene expression due to epigenetic modification which encompasses interactions of environment, nutrition and diseases. Patients with psoriasis should be advised to adopt proper diet and dietician support.Angioedema is a non-inflammatory oedema of the subcutaneous tissue and/or mucosal membranes. It most commonly coexists with urticaria wheals and is considered to be a deep form of urticaria. Less commonly, it occurs in isolation and can take two basic forms acquired angioedema and hereditary angioedema. Currently, there are 4 defined types of acquired angioedema and 7 types of hereditary angioedema. Treatment of angioedema depends on its form and etiological factors. Especially the genetic form, i.e. hereditary angioedema, is a considerable challenge for medical specialists, particularly dermatologists and allergists.

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in adults is increasing globally, and similar trends may be observed in the young population. Our objective was to estimate the awareness and use of e-cigarettes among the students from two comprehensive universities in Shanghai, China, and to identify the factors that may influence their decision to use e-cigarettes and their possible adverse effects.

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among the students of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Fudan University. A total of 869 students (412 males and 457 females), mean age 21.09 years (SD=2.44), were recruited in 2018. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between ever e-cigarette use and influencing factors.

Of the responding students, 88.4% were aware of e-cigarettes, 4.6% had used e-cigarettes at least once in their lifetime, and 1.7% were current e-cigarettes users. Males and smokers were more likely to use e-cigarettes (ever used e-cigareto were males, cigarette smokers and whose peers used e-cigarettes were more likely to use e-cigarettes. The use of traditional cigarettes should be controlled strictly in order to reduce the likelihood of e-cigarette use among university students.

Prevalence of light daily smoking, <10 cigarettes per day (CPD), and non-daily smoking has increased in the US population. This analysis examined the heterogeneity in past-year smoking behavior, current tobacco use behaviors, and smoking cessation behaviors among light and/or non-daily smokers.

Current adult (≥18 years old) smokers (N=26196) participated in the 2010-2011 US Current Population Survey - Tobacco Use Supplement, which reported current (T1) and past 12-month (T0) smoking behaviors. Responses were categorized by intensity (light ≤10 CPD vs heavy >10 CPD) and frequency (non-daily vs daily). Combinations of T0 and T1 smoking behaviors resulted in 15 smoking trajectories ending in light/non-daily smoking and a 16th category of heavy daily smokers at T1. Differences in demographics, tobacco use, and smoking cessation behaviors were assessed by using weighted multivariable regression models.

Overall, 46.1% of US smokers were heavy smokers, 24.6% remained light daily smokers and 12.5% remained light non-daily smokers between T0 and T1. Current cigar, smokeless tobacco, and pipe use differed by smoking trajectories (p<0.05). All light and/or non-daily smokers were more likely than heavy daily smokers to have made a quit attempt (p<0.05) but use of cessation treatments varied. Smokers in many light and/or non-daily smoking trajectories were less likely than heavy daily smokers to be aided by healthcare providers for smoking cessation (p<0.05).

Among heavy daily smokers who became light non-daily smokers, the mismatch between intent to quit (80.9%) and receiving advice to set a quit date (33.7%) is one example of a potential opportunity for a clinical intervention.

Among heavy daily smokers who became light non-daily smokers, the mismatch between intent to quit (80.9%) and receiving advice to set a quit date (33.7%) is one example of a potential opportunity for a clinical intervention.The diversity of early family life courses is thought to have increased, although empirical evidence is mixed. Less standardized family formation is attributed to compositional changes in educational attainment, labour market participation, and childhood living conditions. I investigate whether and why family trajectories have become more or less standardized across birth cohorts in Sweden. I combine sequence metrics with Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions to assess the compositional shifts that drive changes in family formation standardization. Family trajectories of individuals born in 1952, 1962, and 1972 from age 18 to 35 are reconstructed using Swedish register data. My results demonstrate that early family formation has become more standardized across birth cohorts. Further, compositional differences between birth cohorts partially account for this standardization, especially for women. For example, higher levels of educational attainment are associated with family formation standardization. This substantiates arguments that family formation may re-standardize following the second demographic transition.