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n in multimodal rectal cancer therapy.

The role of schools in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the community is still controversial. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different pediatric age groups during the first 2 months of the fall back-to-school period, in the context of increasing viral transmission in France.

Weekly epidemiological data provided by Santé Publique France and the Ministry of National Education were analyzed according to the age groups defined by the different school levels. Weeks (W) 34-42 were considered for analysis.

The PCR positivity rate and incidence rate increased in all age groups during the study period, in an age-dependent manner. At W42, with adults being considered as reference, the risk ratio for a positive PCR test was 0.46 [95% CI 0.44-0.49] and 0.69 [0.68-0.70] for children aged 0-5 years and 6-17 years, respectively. Similarly, the incidence rate ratio was 0.09 [0.08-0.09], 0.31 [0.30-0.32], 0.64 [0.63-0.66], and 1.07 [1.05-1.10] for children a open. However, the impact was age-dependent, with data in high schools close to those observed in adults.

Images demonstrating a prescription drug's efficacy are often included in direct-to-consumer television advertisements. The current research assessed whether exaggerated efficacy images can mislead individuals, and whether providing accurate quantitative information can reduce these misperceptions.

We conducted two experimental studies with internet panelists 60 years and older testing drug efficacy images in television ads for wet age-related macular degeneration (N = 901) and plaque psoriasis (N = 902). In each study, participants viewed one of six ads that varied in the efficacy images included (no image, accurate image, exaggerated image) and the presentation of quantitative information (absent, present). Measures included recall, perceptions, and numeracy.

In both studies, participants who saw exaggerated images were more likely than those who saw no image or accurate images to overestimate efficacy. Presenting quantitative information increased participants' gist and verbatim recall of drug efficacy, and in some cases, led participants to have more accurate perceptions of the drug's efficacy even in the presence of exaggerated images. Higher numeracy was associated with better gist and verbatim recall.

These results support visual persuasion theory. Moreover, they show that exaggerating benefits visually can mislead viewers.

Stakeholders should ensure that images in direct-to-consumer promotion are accurate and non-misleading.

Stakeholders should ensure that images in direct-to-consumer promotion are accurate and non-misleading.The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and biopsy for the clinical diagnosis of minor salivary gland tumours (MSGTs). This retrospective study of 32 MSGT cases was conducted over a 5-year period. Clinical features including age, sex, and location of the tumour were obtained from the patient clinical records. All cases were also assessed histologically according to the 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. The results of FNAC and biopsy were correlated with those of histopathology, and their sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficacy were calculated using histopathology as the gold standard. Eighteen malignant MSGTs (56.3%) and 14 benign MSGTs (43.8%) were diagnosed by pathological diagnosis. The most common malignant tumour was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (seven cases, 38.9%). Most benign cases were pleomorphic adenomas (13 cases, 92.9%). FNAC was performed for 23 cases and biopsy for 13 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 66.7% and 91.0%, respectively, while those of biopsy were 90.0% and 100.0%, respectively. Although FNAC is a minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure, it is less accurate than biopsy in the assessment of MSGTs. Repeated FNAC or biopsy should be considered in negative and unsatisfactory FNAC cases.Microvascular anastomosis using an intraoral approach can avoid unnecessary external incisions thus improving patient satisfaction. Furthermore, in case of short pedicle flaps, the lack of proximity of the recipient vessels can be a problem in microvascular reconstruction of the midface. We present our experience in six patients treated for tumours affecting the midface and reconstructed with microvascular flaps through anastomosis to the intraoral aspect of the facial vessels, with the aim of reviewing the use of this technique. Our results showed that intraoral anastomosis is a feasible technique that can be used in the reconstruction after tumours resection, avoiding additional external incisions in patients with no previous cervicotomy incisions. In two cases, a vein graft was interposed to perform the intraoral arterial anastomosis in a tension-free situation without increasing morbidity. The technical features and advantages of intraoral anastomosis were reviewed.The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of zirconia and titanium surfaces on biofilm formation and host-derived parameters. DOTAP chloride clinical trial Studies comparing zirconia and titanium surfaces were selected up to September 1, 2019. The outcome measures were surface roughness, contact angle, bacterial count, bacterial adherence, biofilm thickness, bacterial distribution, and specifically investigated biofilm and specific host-derived immunological parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses of in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. A total of 39 studies were included for data extraction. In the systematic review data, 10 studies stated that zirconia accumulated less initial oral biofilm parameters, 16 investigations showed negligible inter-material differences, and only one study showed that zirconia attracted the most biofilm. However, in the meta-analysis, the bacterial coverage was found to be significantly superior for zirconia surfaces (P less then 0.00001); the other outcome measures did not show any statistically significant differences between zirconia and titanium for the remaining parameters and the studies presented a substantial degree of heterogeneity. Overall, on the basis of the meta-analysis, the current data situation does not allow a clear preference for the use of zirconia or titanium.