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Consistency between the MMA-TBI and the OSU-TBI-ID was high (κ = 0.90; Kendall Tau = 0.94). Comparison of MMA-TBI algorithm results with those of subject matter experts was high (κ = 0.97-1.00). CONCLUSION The MMA-TBI is the first TBI interview to be validated against an independently conducted clinical TBI assessment. Overall, results demonstrate the MMA-TBI is a highly valid and reliable instrument for determining TBI based on VA/DoD Clinical Guideline. These results support the need for application of standardized TBI criteria across all diagnostic contexts.AIMS With rising rates of mental health disorders being reported globally, it is imperative that we investigate economical and accessible ways to increase relaxation and reduce stress. While there is a plethora of anecdotal evidence as to the positive effects of domestic crafts on mental wellbeing, there is little empirical research in this area. As such, we aimed to explore perceived links between crochet and wellbeing. METHODS An online survey was developed and piloted, based on an existing tool that explored knitting and wellbeing. The final survey was promoted through social media, over a 6-week period, resulting in valid responses from 8391 individuals. RESULTS Most respondents were female (99.1%), aged between 41 and 60 years (49.5%) and living in 87 different countries. Many respondents reported crocheting for between 1 and 5 years (42.6%). Panobinostat in vitro The three most frequent reasons reported for crocheting were to be creative (82.1%), to relax (78.5%) and for a sense of accomplishment (75.2%). Respondents reported that crochet made them feel calmer (89.5%), happier (82%) and more useful (74.7%). There was a significant improvement in reported scores for mood before crocheting (M = 4.19, SD = 1.07) and mood after crocheting (M = 5.78, SD = 0.82); z = -69.86, p  less then  .001, r = -0.56. Content analysis of free-text responses identified five major themes (1) health benefits, (2) process of crochet, (3) personal connection, (4) crochet as contribution and (5) online crochet communities. CONCLUSION The data suggests that crochet offers positive benefits for personal wellbeing with many respondents actively using crochet to manage mental health conditions and life events such as grief, chronic illness and pain. Crochet is a relatively low-cost, portable activity that can be easily learnt and seems to convey all of the positive benefits provided by knitting. This research suggests that crochet can play a role in promoting positive wellbeing in the general population, adding to the social prescribing evidence base.Introduction The issue of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains important in surgical practice, contributing to patient distress, slower recovery, and increased use of healthcare resources. Many surgical patients report it to be a worse problem than the pain. Panobinostat in vitro New antiemetics of different classes are still needed to help manage PONV effectively, especially the treatment of established PONV after the failure of common prophylactic antiemetics such as 5-HT3-antagonists and corticosteroids. Intravenous amisulpride, a drug with a long history of safe use in oral form as an antipsychotic, has recently been approved in the US (trade name Barhemsys) as an intravenous antiemetic for the prevention and treatment of PONV.Areas covered This review article summarizes the published data on the clinical pharmacology, safety, and efficacy of intravenous amisulpride as an antiemetic, supplemented by published data on oral amisulpride, where relevant to the intravenous form. Literature was obtained via the PubMed search terms 'intravenous amisulpride' and 'amisulpride AND safety.' Both primary and secondary pharmacology are covered, along with clinical pharmacokinetics (distribution, metabolism, and excretion). The review of clinical safety and efficacy includes data from four studies in the prevention of PONV, two in the treatment of PONV and two investigating effects on the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in healthy volunteers.Expert opinion Given the importance of sufficient PONV prevention for patients and the healthcare system, the availability of intravenous amisulpride is helpful, restoring the dopamine-antagonist class as a potential mainstay in both combination prophylaxis and treatment.The pathophysiology of neuropathic pain is very complex. It involves several environmental and central mechanisms. In this study, we tried to assess the modulatory effect of (S)-3,4-Dicarboxyphenylglycine (DCPG), a metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 8 (mGluR8) agonist, in a model of chronic central neuropathic pain in male rats. We used a spinal cord contusion method (T6-T8) for the induction of chronic central neuropathic pain.Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups (n = 10 per group). Clips compression injury model was used to induce chronic central neuropathic pain. Three weeks after spinal cord injury DCPG, siRNA and normal saline were administered intra-ventrolaterally to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) region. Paw withdrawal response to acetone (cold allodynia) was assessed through acetone test. In addition, the effects of DCPG on rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) off-cells activity were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. mGluR8 expressions were also measured.We found that treatment with DCPG increased pain threshold in acetone test. In addition, immunohistochemical evaluation of RVM off-cells showed that DCPG increased the suppressive function of these cells.The results revealed that activation of mGluR8 in PAG is capable to improve pain threshold via modulation of RVM off-cells activity.Abbreviations SCI spinal cord injury; DCPG (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine; PAG periaqueductal gray; siRNA small interfering ribonucleic acid; RVM rostral ventromedial medulla; mGluR metabotropic glutamate receptor.SIGNIFICANCE According to the World Health Organization (WHO), noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are the globally leading cause of mortality. Recent Advances About 71% of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide are due to non-communicable cardiovascular risk factors including tobacco smoking, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, overweight, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, which can be either avoided or substantially reduced. CRITICAL ISSUES Thus, it is estimated that 80% of premature heart disease, stroke, and diabetes can be prevented. More recent evidence indicates that environmental stressors such as noise and air pollution contribute significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. With the present review we want to focus primarily on important environmental stressors such as transportation noise and air pollution. We will discuss the pathophysiology of vascular damage caused by these environmental stressors, with emphasis on early subclinical damage of the vasculature such as endothelial dysfunction and the role of oxidative stress.