Mullenkrogsgaard2126

The origins and consequences of the large phase change of RL radial motion relative to BM motion are considered; differences in the reported patterns of these changes may be due to different viewing angles. selleck chemical Detailed motion data and new models are needed to better specify the vibrational patterns of the OoC modes and the role of the various OoC structures in producing the modes and the mode transition.The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing (600 MPa, 8 min, 16 °C) and storage temperature (4 °C and 18 °C) on experimentally inoculated Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), mesophilic aerobic plate counts (APC) and yeast and mould (YM) populations in Iberian dry-cured "salchichón" (DCS) and dry-cured loin (DCL) during 120 days of storage were studied. Tocopherol contents, fatty acid profile, instrumental colour and lipid and protein oxidation were evaluated. HHP treatment reduced L. monocytogenes population by >3 log10 in both DCS and DCL. HHP and storage temperature affected APC differently in both products, whereas YM were significantly decreased by HHP, mostly at 18 °C. Lipid and protein oxidation were promoted, mainly in DCS, and the colour was affected in a minor extent. Despite these effects on oxidation, these results suggest that HHP treatment at 600 MPa for 8 min in both products allowed to control L. monocytogenes below the microbiological limit established by the food safety regulations.The changing climate and reservoir storage have a far-reaching influence on the nonstationarity in flood peaks worldwide, but the quantification of the relative contribution of each covariate (i.e., climate and reservoir storage) is fundamentally challenging especially under the time-varying mechanisms in statistical properties. This study proposed an integrated flood frequency analysis for assessing the impacts of changing climate and reservoir storage on the nonstationarity in flood peaks and flood risks worldwide. The 32 major river catchments covering more than 60% of hydro-meteorological observation stations and 70% of reservoir storage worldwide constituted the case study. The proposed three-faceted approach was explored systematically through modeling the nonstationarity in global flood peaks, identifying the contribution of changing climate and reservoir storage to the nonstationarity of flood peaks, and quantifying the change in flood risks under the nonstationary condition. The findings pointed out that global flood trends varied from increasing +19.3%/decade to decreasing -31.6%/decade. Taking the stationary flood frequency analysis as the benchmark, the comparative results revealed that the flood risk in 5 rivers under the nonstationary condition in response to warming climate significantly increased (1% → 5%) over the historical period whereas the flood risk in 7 rivers in response to increasing reservoir storage largely reduced (1% → 0.5%). Despite the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of observations, the changes in flood peaks evaluated here were explicitly in lined with the changing climate and reservoir storage, supporting the demand for considering the nonstationarity of flood peaks and risks in social infrastructure planning and designing as well as water management.The flowback water (FW) from shale gas exploitation can be effectively treated by bioelectrochemical technology, but sulfide overproduction remains to be addressed. Herein, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) meditated microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with anodic potential control were used. COD removal gradually increased to 67.4 ± 5.1% in electrode-potential-control (EPC) MFCs and 78.9 ± 2.4% in the MFC with open circuit (OC-MFC). However, in EPC MFCs sulfate removal stabilized at much lower levels (no more than 19.9 ± 1.9%) along with much lower sulfide concentrations, but in OC-MFC it increased and finally stabilized at 59.9 ± 0.1%. Partial sulfur reuse in EPC MFCs was indicated by the current production. Notably, thiosulfate was specially detected under low potentials and effectively oxidized in EPC MFCs, especially under -0.1 V vs. SHE, which probably related to the sulfur reuse. Metagenomics analysis showed that the anode with -0.1 and -0.2 V likely shunted electrons from cytochromes that used for reducing DsrChe results provide new sights on the bioelectrochemical treatment of wastewater containing complex organics and sulfate.Under climate warming and coastal eutrophication, outbreaks of green tides have increased in recent decades; e.g., the world's largest green tide caused by Ulva prolifera has occurred in the Yellow Sea for 13 consecutive years. The massive assemblage of macroalgae absorbs large amounts of atmospheric CO2 and converts it into biomass. After the green tide, millions of tons of the macroalgal biomass sink to the seabed to be degraded eventually; this inevitably has a significant impact on the coastal organic carbon pool and microbial community. However, this impact is poorly understood. Here, the degradation of Ulva prolifera over 520 days revealed that relatively sufficient degradation of the macroalgae occurred at ca. 7 months. The rapid release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mainly occurred in the first week, which not only increased the size and diversity of the DOC pool in a short time but also promoted the rapid growth of bacteria and led to hypoxia and acidification of the seawater. After that, the labile portion of DOC was gradually used up by bacteria within one month, while the degradation of semi-labile or semi-refractory DOC occurred in half a year. The remaining DOC existed in the form of refractory DOC (RDOC), resisting bacterial consumption and remaining stable for 10 months. During the long-term degradation process, bacterial community structure and metabolic function showed obvious successional characteristics, driving the gradual transformation of DOC from labile to refractory through the microbial carbon pump mechanism. After the long-term degradation, the remaining RDOC accounted for approximately 1.6% of the macroalgal carbon biomass. As RDOC can maintain long-term stability, we propose that the frequent outbreaks of green tides not only affect microbial processes but also may have an important cumulative effect on the coastal RDOC pool.