Muirmanning4521

Over past decades, various strategies have been developed to enhance the delivery efficiency of therapeutics and imaging agents to tumor tissues. However, the therapeutic outcome of tumors to date have not been significantly improved, which can be partly attributed to the weak targeting ability, fast elimination, and low stability of conventional delivery systems. Viruses are the most efficient agents for gene transfer, serving as a valuable source of inspiration for designing nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Based on the properties of viruses, including well-defined geometry, precise composition, easy modification, stable construction, and specific infection, researchers attempt to design biocompatible delivery vectors by mimicking virus assembly and using the vector system to selectively concentrate drugs or imaging probes in tumors with mitigated toxicity and improved efficacy. In this review, we introduce common viruses features and provide an overview of various virus-mimetic strategies for cancer therapy and diagnosis. The challenges faced by virus-mimetic systems are also discussed. This article is categorized under Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between retinal laser burden and vascular oxygen saturation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated with different extent of retinal laser.

The study was a prospective, interventional study of patients with treatment-naïve PDR. Patients were treated with navigated retinal laser (Navilas

, OD-OS GmbH, Teltow, Germany) in different doses. TRAM-34 Retinal oximetry was obtained at baseline (BL) prior to laser and after 6months (M6). Patients were divided into three groups according to total laser spots applied <1500 spots (Group 1), 1500-2000 spots (Group 2), and >2000 spots (Group 3).

We included 33 eyes of 28 patients with treatment-naïve PDR. The groups did not differ according in BL characteristics. Between BL and M6, retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation did not change but retinal venular oxygen saturation (median with interquartile range) decreased in Groups 1 and 2 (1 65.5±8.8% versus 60.5±9.5%, p=0.04; 2 65.3±7.3% versus 63.0±13.5%, p=0.04). Focal retinal venular oxygen saturation, located to quadrants with retinal neovascularization, decreased in Group 2 from BL to M6 (67.5±13.3% versus 61.5±8.8%, p=0.04). Retinal venular diameter decreased from BL to M6 in Group 1 (174.5±15.3μm versus 165.1±28.7μm, p=0.01).

In this study of patients with treatment-naïve PDR, we showed that a less extensive laser treatment caused a reduction in retinal venular oxygen saturation and diameter 6months after treatment. Our results suggest that less extensive laser treatment may be sufficient to improve the retinal metabolic environment conducive to PDR regression.

In this study of patients with treatment-naïve PDR, we showed that a less extensive laser treatment caused a reduction in retinal venular oxygen saturation and diameter 6 months after treatment. Our results suggest that less extensive laser treatment may be sufficient to improve the retinal metabolic environment conducive to PDR regression.Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been regarded as one of the promising electrochemical energy storage systems to complement Li-ion batteries owing to the low-cost and high safety characteristics. However, the various challenges including the sluggish solid-state diffusion of highly polarizing Mg2+ ions in hosts, and the formation of blocking layers on Mg metal surface have seriously impeded the development of high-performance RMBs. In order to solve these problems toward practical applications of RMBs, a tremendous amount of work on electrodes and electrolytes has been conducted in the last few decades. Creative optimization strategies including the modification of cathodes and anodes such as shielding the charges of divalent Mg2+ , expanding the layers of host materials, and optimizing the interface of electrode-electrolyte are raised to promote the technology. In this review, the detailed description of innovative approaches, representative examples, and facing challenges for developing high-performance electrodes are presented. Based on the review of these strategies, guidelines are provided for future research directions on improving the overall battery performance, especially on the electrodes.

To compare treatment outcomes of treatment-naïve eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with bevacizumab as the first-line treatment, according to the guidelines of the Dutch Ophthalmological Society, with those treated first with either ranibizumab or aflibercept, as used in many other countries, all treated using a treat-and-extend strategy.

Data were obtained from the prospectively designed Fight Retinal Blindness! outcomes registry. The primary outcome was the mean change from baseline in visual acuity of all treated eyes, after 12, 24 and 36months of treatment. Secondary outcomes were the number of injections, the number of visits and the rate of switching to a second anti-VEGF drug.

The study included 703 treatment-naïve eyes with nAMD with 12months follow-up, 373 eyes with 24months follow-up, and 171 eyes with 36months follow-up in the Netherlands, and 1131, 652, and 303 treatment-naïve eyes with respectively 12, 24, and 36months of follow-up in all other countries. The change in visual acuity from baseline did not differ between the Netherlands and the other countries at any follow-up time. The median number of injections, visits and the proportion of eyes switching treatment was significantly higher in the Netherlands than in the other countries.

Starting anti-VEGF treatment for nAMD with bevacizumab, as is mandatory in the Netherlands, delivers outcomes similar to those starting treatment with either ranibizumab or aflibercept, but at a cost of more frequent injections, and visits, and more frequent switching treatment to a second drug.

Starting anti-VEGF treatment for nAMD with bevacizumab, as is mandatory in the Netherlands, delivers outcomes similar to those starting treatment with either ranibizumab or aflibercept, but at a cost of more frequent injections, and visits, and more frequent switching treatment to a second drug.