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As a result, BFVtotal postoperatively increased by 6.8%; however, no significant difference was observed. Flow direction at M1 changed from antegrade to unclear after surgery in 5 patients. Intraoperative MCA pressure and MCA/RA pressure ratio significantly increased after surgery (P<.001). We found a stronger positive correlation between MCA pressure increase ratio and BFVtotal increase ratio in patients with lower pre-MCA pressure (r=0.907, P<.001).

The visual and quantitative assessment of 4D flow MRI revealed that intracranial blood flow changes complementarily after STA-MCA bypass surgery. 4D flow MRI may detect the improvement of cerebral perfusion pressure.

The visual and quantitative assessment of 4D flow MRI revealed that intracranial blood flow changes complementarily after STA-MCA bypass surgery. 4D flow MRI may detect the improvement of cerebral perfusion pressure.

Mobile smoking cessation (mCessation) apps have the potential to complement and enhance existing interventions, but many are of low quality. Exploring app reviews can provide a broader understanding of user experiences and engagement, to enhance the quality, acceptability and effectiveness of future developments.

Publicly available user reviews and ratings of smoking cessation apps were mined from Google Play TM and the App Store ® via a targeted two-stage search strategy. English language smoking cessation apps with at least 20 consumer reviews between 2011 and 2020 were included. User reviews were thematically analysed using Braun & Clarke's framework. Apps were independently scored using the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS) and compared to average user star ratings.

Forty-eight versions of 42 apps, encompassing 1,414 associated reviews, met eligibility criteria. Inductive coding of reviews produced 1,084 coding references including reviews coded across multiple nodes. Themes generated included (1)mCessation applications need to be highly tailorable, functional, credible and supportive. We recommend a consumer-driven, co-design approach for future mCessation app developments to optimise user acceptability and engagement.

This is the first study to use unsolicited user reviews from a large population to understand the general mCessation user experience in relation to making a quit attempt. Our findings highlight specific features favoured and disliked by users, including their influence on engagement, and supports previous findings that mCessation applications need to be highly tailorable, functional, credible and supportive. We recommend a consumer-driven, co-design approach for future mCessation app developments to optimise user acceptability and engagement.

Although World Health Organization (WHO) grade I meningiomas are considered "benign" tumors, an elevated Ki-67 is one crucial factor that has been shown to influence tumor behavior and clinical outcomes. The ability to preoperatively discern Ki-67 would confer the ability to guide surgical strategy.

In this study, we develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm using radiomic feature analysis to predict Ki-67 in WHO grade I meningiomas.

A retrospective analysis was performed for a cohort of 306 patients who underwent surgical resection of WHO grade I meningiomas. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging was used to perform radiomic feature extraction followed by ML modeling using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator wrapped with support vector machine through nested cross-validation on a discovery cohort (n=230), to stratify tumors based on Ki-67 <5% and ≥5%. The final model was independently tested on a replication cohort (n=76).

An area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.90) with a sensitivity of 84.1% and specificity of 73.3% was achieved in the discovery cohort. When this model was applied to the replication cohort, a similar high performance was achieved, with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.94), sensitivity and specificity of 82.6% and 85.5%, respectively. The model demonstrated similar efficacy when applied to skull base and nonskull base tumors.

Our proposed radiomic feature analysis can be used to stratify WHO grade I meningiomas based on Ki-67 with excellent accuracy and can be applied to skull base and nonskull base tumors with similar performance achieved.

Our proposed radiomic feature analysis can be used to stratify WHO grade I meningiomas based on Ki-67 with excellent accuracy and can be applied to skull base and nonskull base tumors with similar performance achieved.

The World Health Organization prioritizes malaria surveillance for accurate tracking of progress of intervention programmes. The malaria parasite rate (PR) and spleen rate (SR) are economical surveillance tools. There has been a global decline in the burden of malaria over the last decade, but most African countries, like Nigeria, have a slow rate of decline. There is a need for adequate malaria surveillance to guide malaria control strategies and policymaking.

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 363 children ages 1-15y in rural southwest Nigeria. The participants' PR was determined by microscopy and the SR was determined by palpation and ultrasonography. The associations between PR and SR and other covariates were assessed.

The PR was 26.7% and the SR was 12.9%. There was no significant association between PR or SR across age groups, but low social class was significantly associated with PR (55 [33.5%], p=0.004) and SR (29 [17.3%], p=0.013). The odds of having splenomegaly doubled with malaria parasitaemia (odds ratio 2.03 [95% confidence interval 1.06 to 3.88).

The PR and SR suggest that the study area is meso-endemic. The PR in the study area was almost equal across age groups; our findings suggest there may be a need for policy review to plan malaria intervention programmes and include older children, not just children <5y of age. Routine malaria surveillance using simple tools such as the PR and SR are necessary for reviewing malaria control programmes in the community.

The PR and SR suggest that the study area is meso-endemic. The PR in the study area was almost equal across age groups; our findings suggest there may be a need for policy review to plan malaria intervention programmes and include older children, not just children less then 5 y of age. Routine malaria surveillance using simple tools such as the PR and SR are necessary for reviewing malaria control programmes in the community.

Although rare, cavernous malformations (CMs) of the optic nerve and anterior optic pathway (optic pathway cavernous malformations [OPCMs]) can occur, as described in several single case reports in the literature.

To describe the technical aspects of microsurgical management of CMs of the optic pathway on the basis of an extensive single-center experience and review of the literature.

A systematic literature review was performed to augment an earlier review, using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. In addition, an institutional database was searched for all patients undergoing surgical resection of OPCMs. Patient information, surgical technique, and clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed.

Since the previous report, 14 CMs were resected at this institution or by the senior author at another institution. In addition, 34 cases were identified in the literature since the systematic review in 2015, including some earlier cases that were not discussed in the previous report. Most OPCMs were resected via pterional, orbital-pterional, and orbitozygomatic craniotomies. Visual outcomes were similar to those in earlier reports, with 70% of patients reporting stable to normal vision postoperatively.

OPCMs can occur throughout the anterior visual pathway and may cause significant symptoms. Surgery is feasible and should be considered for OPCMs presenting to a surface of the nerve. Favorable results can be obtained with resection, although optimal results are obtained with patients who present with milder symptoms without longstanding damage to the optic apparatus.

OPCMs can occur throughout the anterior visual pathway and may cause significant symptoms. Surgery is feasible and should be considered for OPCMs presenting to a surface of the nerve. Favorable results can be obtained with resection, although optimal results are obtained with patients who present with milder symptoms without longstanding damage to the optic apparatus.Feral swine (Sus scrofa), an important prey species for the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi), is the natural host for pseudorabies virus (PRV). Prior to this study, PRV had been detected in just three panthers. To determine the effect of PRV on the panther population, we prospectively necropsied 199 panthers and retrospectively reviewed necropsy and laboratory findings, reexamined histology, and tested archived tissues using real-time PCR from 46 undiagnosed panther mortalities. Seven additional infections (two prospective, five retrospective) were detected for a total of 10 confirmed panther mortalities due to PRV. To further evaluate the effect of PRV, we categorized radio-collared (n=168) and uncollared panther mortalities (n=367) sampled from 1981 to 2018 based on the likelihood of PRV infection as confirmed, probable, suspected, possible, or unlikely/negative. Of 168 radio-collared panthers necropsied, PRV was the cause of death for between eight (confirmed; 4.8%) and 32 (combined confirmed, probable, suspected, and possible categories; 19.0%) panthers. The number of radio-collared panther mortalities due to PRV was estimated to be 15 (95% empirical limits 12-19), representing 8.9% (confidence interval 4.6-13.2%) of mortalities. Gross necropsy findings in 10 confirmed cases were nonspecific. Microscopic changes included slight to mild perivascular cuffing and gliosis (primarily in the brain stem), lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis (cerebral cortex), and intranuclear inclusion bodies (adrenal medulla). Sequencing of the PRV glycoprotein C gene from three positive panthers grouped with a Florida feral swine. Our findings indicate that PRV may be an important and underdiagnosed cause of death in Florida panthers.There is a strong correlation between degraded marine habitats and the prevalence of diseases such as green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP) in coastal populations. In GTFP, small to large tumors grow on the turtle's soft tissues and shell, while internal nodules may also occur. The disease primarily affects juvenile green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) that reside in nearshore waters. this website As a link has been shown between environmental pollution and immune suppression in a variety of animals, the objective of our research was to compare innate and adaptive immune responsiveness in green sea turtles from a severely degraded and a more pristine habitat, which differ greatly in rates of GTFP. We quantified phagocytosis by flow cytometry and performed in vitro stimulation analysis to measure activity of both the innate and adaptive immune systems in wild-caught Florida green turtles. Sea turtles from the degraded environment, both with and without visible cutaneous tumors, exhibited significantly reduced phagocytosis and stimulation indices than did those from the less polluted environment.