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6% and 23.8%), increasing class (2.3% and 3.3%), and high-stable/high-decreasing class (7.9% and 3.3%). The hazard ratio (HR) for subsequent CV events for the increasing anxiety class was 2.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61; 7.45) compared with the low-stable class after covariate adjustment. Patients following the high-decreasing anxiety trajectory showed an HR of 1.72 (95% CI, 1.11; 2.68) and patients following the high-stable depression trajectory an HR of 2.47 (95% CI, 1.35; 4.54). CONCLUSIONS Chronic high anxiety and depression trajectory classes were associated with increased risk of subsequent CV events. Assessments of both symptoms of anxiety and depression during long-term routine medical care are recommended to identify patients who would benefit from appropriate interventions. © 2020 The Authors. Depression and Anxiety published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The classification of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) has been refined and aided by the discovery of various recurrent gene translocations. Low-grade ESS (LG-ESS) is most commonly characterized by JAZF1-SUZ12 fusions followed by rearrangements involving PHD finger protein-1 (PHF1) and multiple fusion partners, including JAZF1, EPC1, EPC2, and MEAF6. In the present study, integrating anchored polymerase chain reaction and paired-end next-generation ribonucleic acid sequencing, we identified the presence of a novel malignant brain tumor domain-containing 1 (MBTD1)-PHF1 gene fusion in a case of LG-ESS. MBTD1 belongs to the Polycomb gene group, and its fusion with PHF1 is predicted to mediate tumorigenesis through aberrant transcriptional repression. Histology and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated conventional morphology for LG-ESS and clinical follow-up showed no progression of disease after 6 months. These findings help expand the current knowledge on the spectrum of gene rearrangements in the diagnosis of ESS. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Flowering time variation in soybean is well characterized within domesticated germplasm and is critical for modern production, but its importance during domestication is unclear. Recently, Lu et al. (Nature Genetics, 2020) reported that two homeologous pseudo-response-regulator genes, Tof12 and Tof11, were sequentially selected in early soybean evolution for ancient flowering time adaptation and intensification of crop cultivation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a consolidated technique for the study of biological systems, usually ex vivo or in culture, under different experimental conditions. Yet, the diffusion of the technique in the scientific context of histology is still rather slow and limited. In the present work, we demonstrate the potential of AFM, in terms of morphological and nanomechanical imaging, to study the effects of nano- and micro-sized metallic pollutants in living biological systems. As a model, we investigated marine molluscs (Mytilus galloprovincialis) grown in the Adriatic Sea. We characterized histological sections from two organs (gonads and digestive glands) of molluscs collected during several surveys at different growth time and distance from gas extraction platforms. We evaluated the effects of nano-pollutants mostly on the local tissue structure by combining AFM microscopy with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the AFM images allowed evidencing the presence of nano- or micro-sized structures that exhibit different nanomechanical properties compared to the rest of the tissue. Resatorvid supplier The results demonstrate how coupling AFM and SEM analysis can provide an effective procedure to evaluate the morphological alterations produced by the exposure to exogenous nano-pollutants in tissue and constitute a promising way to reveal basic mechanisms mediating the cytotoxicity of specific exogenous pollutants ingested by edible organisms. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Paramount interest and challenges remain in designing and synthesizing catalysts with nature-like complexities at few-nm scale to harness unprecedented functionalities by using sustainable solar light. We introduce "nanocatalosomes"- bio-inspired bilayer-vesicular design of nanoreactor with metallic bilayer hollow shell-in-shell structure, having numerous controllable confined cavities within few-nm interlayer space, customizable with different noble metals. The intershell-confined plasmonically-coupled hot-nanospaces within the few-nm cavities play pivotal role in harnessing synergistic catalytic effects for various important organic transformations, as demonstrated by 'acceptorless dehydrogenation', 'Suzuki-Miayura cross-coupling' and 'alkynyl-annulation' affording clean conversions and TOF at least one order of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art Au-nanorod-based plasmonic-catalysts. This work paves the way towards next-generation nanoreactors, craftable at few-nm scale to maximize their functionality and customizable to carry out diverse chemical transformations efficiently with green solar energy. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Autophagy plays an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin is the most common antidiabetic drug. The main objective of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of metformin in starvation-induced autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of type 2 diabetic patients. PBMCs were isolated from 10 diabetic patients and 7 non-diabetic healthy volunteers. The autophagic puncta and markers were measured with the help of monodansylcadaverine staining and western blot. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy was also performed. No significant changes were observed in the initial autophagy marker protein levels in PBMCs of T2D after metformin treatment though diabetic PBMCs showed a high level of phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin, p62 and reduced expression of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase and lysosomal membrane-associated protein 2, indicating a defect in autophagy. Also, induction of autophagy by tunicamycin resulted in apoptosis in diabetic PBMCs as observed by caspase-3 cleavage and reduced expression of Bcl2.