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25% and 6.17%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the experimental groups in any of the assessed variables. The tested lithium disilicate material brands showed comparable clinical performances after 4 years of clinical service.

Clinicians can use either of the tested lithium disilicate materials to make adhesively luted partial crowns.

Clinicians can use either of the tested lithium disilicate materials to make adhesively luted partial crowns.

To compare the bond strength of ceramic or resin laminate veneers produced using computer assisted design/computer assisted machining (CAD-CAM).

80 teeth were prepared for laminate veneer, and divided into eight groups of different CAD-CAM blocks in each group. Each group was restored with the manufacturers' recommended procedures. After cementation of the veneers, all samples were thermocycled (1,000 cycles); the crowns of the teeth were embedded vertically into acrylic blocks and subjected to shear bond strength in a universal tester. Shear bond strength was determined in Newtons (N).

The tests showed 52.5% cohesive failure, 30% adhesive failure, and 17.5% adhesive-cohesive failure (mixed). Lava Ultimate had the highest bond strength average and the Cerec blocks had the lowest with 82.2N. Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart, and E-Max's shear bond strength values were statistically different compared to Vitablocs Mark II, Cerec Blocs, GC Initial LRF Blocks (P< 0.05). The difference between the Vitablocs Mark II and Cerec Blocs and the Vita Enamic block was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference among the other groups. The selected CAD-CAM material affected the shear bond strength of the laminate veneers.

The results of this study can assist clinicians in selecting materials with a high bond strength for laminate veneers.

The results of this study can assist clinicians in selecting materials with a high bond strength for laminate veneers.Child stunting in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) decreased from 22.9% in 1990 to 9.6% in 2017. While stunting rates in the region were falling, access to electricity and refrigeration were on the rise. Despite a large body of evidence surrounding the effects of refrigeration on food consumption, and separately of the importance of food consumption for child health and nutrition, surprisingly few studies explore the potential effects of refrigeration on child nutrition. We studied the relationship between refrigeration and child nutrition outcomes using rich panel data for 1298 low-income households with children younger than 12 months at baseline in El Alto, Bolivia. We estimated the effects of refrigerator ownership on diet and nutrition outcomes using a difference-in-difference approach. Owning a refrigerator was associated with increased food expenditures and improved child nutrition. We found evidence that households that acquired a refrigerator were more likely to buy food that requires refrigeration, and children in households that acquired refrigerators were 0.17 standard deviations taller for their age after 2 years. We also found that refrigeration was associated with a 0.26 standard deviation decline in BMI-for-age, an effect driven by increased height rather than lower weight. click here These results suggest that refrigeration may play a role in explaining reductions in undernutrition observed in low- and middle-income countries in recent decades.

To define the proportions of agreement between fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), clinical diagnosis, and temporal artery biopsy (TAB) in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA). Furthermore, the association of 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake patterns and clinical presentation of newly diagnosed PMR and GCA was investigated.

Eighty patients newly suspected of having PMR, GCA, or concomitant PMR and GCA were included and followed for 40 weeks. Every patient underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan before or within 3 days of initiation of steroids in case of GCA. FDG uptakes in 8 paired articular/periarticular sites and 14 arterial segments were evaluated based on a 4-point visual grading scale.

Of the 80 patients (female 50 [62.5%]; mean age ± SD 72.0 ± 7.9), 64 (80.0%) patients were diagnosed with pure PMR, 3 (3.7%) with pure GCA, and 10 (12.5%) with concomitant PMR and GCA. Additionally, three (3.7%) patients were diagnosed with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis during the follow-up period. For the diagnosis of PMR, 18F-FDG PET/CT had a proportion of agreement of 75.3 (64.2-84.4), compared with clinical diagnosis. When comparing findings of 18F-FDG PET/CT with TAB, 18F-FDG PET/CT had a proportion of agreement of 93.0 (84.3-97.7) in all included patients and 69.2 (38.6-90.9) in the subgroup of patients with vasculitis. C-reactive protein was significantly higher in patients with PMR activity on 18F-FDG PET/CT compared with those without 18F-FDG PET/CT activity (P value = 0.006).

18F-FDG PET/CT is a powerful imaging technique in PMR and GCA that was in good agreement with clinical diagnosis and TAB.

18F-FDG PET/CT is a powerful imaging technique in PMR and GCA that was in good agreement with clinical diagnosis and TAB.

The aim of this study is to identify the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) proneness and aggressive propensity in adolescents.

A quantitative, large-scale, cross-sectional study was performed from April to May 2016 in Korea. The survey questionnaire included overall health behaviors, as well as scales for assessing ADHD proneness (revised short form of the Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale; CASS[S]) and aggressive behavior (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; BPAQ) in adolescents. Area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curves was constructed to determine the cut-off value of total aggression score for discriminating ADHD proneness.

A total of 2,432 students participated in the survey, and 1,872 of them completed the questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 77.0%. Based on CASS(S), 33 (1.8%) subjects were classified as the ADHD group. AUROC curve analysis showed that a score of 68.5 points had higher sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (69.