Mosesali3807
In the subset analysis of T≥3cm with positive extrathyroidal extension (n=127), the lateral compartment RFS rate of the pLND group was significantly better (p<0.01) than that of the non-pLND group (p<0.01). In this subset, pLND reduced recurrence to the lateral compartment by 20.7% during the 5-year follow-up. However, pLND did not improve distant RFS.
pLND significantly improved lateral node RFS in patients having PTC ≥3cm with significant extrathyroidal extension. For such patients, pLND at initial surgery may be considered to avoid second surgery.
pLND significantly improved lateral node RFS in patients having PTC ≥3 cm with significant extrathyroidal extension. For such patients, pLND at initial surgery may be considered to avoid second surgery.Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has demonstrated high-spatial-resolution imaging of optical absorption in biological tissue. To date, most OR-PAM systems rely on mechanical scanning with confocally aligned optical excitation and ultrasonic detection, limiting the wide-field imaging speed of these systems. HSP phosphorylation Although several multifocal OR-PA (MFOR-PA) systems have attempted to address this limitation, they are hindered by the complex design in a constrained physical space. Here, we present a two-dimensional (2D) MFOR-PAM system that utilizes a 2D microlens array and an acoustic ergodic relay. Using a single-element ultrasonic transducer, this system can detect PA signals generated from 400 optical foci in parallel and then raster scan the optical foci patterns to form an MFOR-PAM image. This system improves the imaging resolution of an acoustic ergodic relay system from 220 to 13 μm and enables 400-folds shorter scanning time than that of a conventional OR-PAM system at the same resolution and laser repetition rate. We demonstrated the imaging ability of the system with both in vitro and in vivo experiments.Due to the large number of degrees of freedom offered by nanoscale scatterers, a single flat optic can project different images at different distances depending on the polarization of the light, opening up opportunities for optical encryption and augmented reality systems.
CERAMENT|G is an absorbable gentamicin-loaded biocomposite used as an on-site vehicle of antimicrobials for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sole effect of CERAMENT|G, i.e. without additional systemic antimicrobial therapy, in relation to a limited or extensive debridement of osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model.
Osteomyelitis was induced in nine pigs by inoculation of 10
colony-forming units (CFUs) of
into a drill hole in the right tibia. After one week, the pigs were allocated into three groups. Group A (n = 3) received no treatment during the study period (19 days). Groups B (n = 3) and C (n = 3) received limited or extensive debridement seven days postinoculation, respectively, followed by injection of CERAMENT|G into the bone voids. The pigs were euthanized ten (Group C) and 12 (Group B) days after the intervention.
All animals presented confirmatory signs of bone infection post-mortem. link2 The estimated amount of inflammation was substantially greater in Groups A and B compared to Group C. In both Groups B and C, peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) of CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue revealed bacteria embedded in an opaque matrix, i.e. within biofilm. In addition, in Group C, the maximal measured post-mortem gentamicin concentrations in CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue samples were 16.6 μg/ml and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively.
The present study demonstrates that CERAMENT|G cannot be used as a standalone alternative to extensive debridement or be used without the addition of systemic antimicrobials.Cite this article
2020;9(7)394-401.
The present study demonstrates that CERAMENT|G cannot be used as a standalone alternative to extensive debridement or be used without the addition of systemic antimicrobials.Cite this article Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7)394-401.
Cementless acetabular components rely on press-fit fixation for initial stability. In certain cases, initial stability is more difficult to obtain (such as during revision). No current study evaluates how a surgeon's impaction technique (mallet mass, mallet velocity, and number of strikes) may affect component fixation. This study seeks to answer the following research questions 1) how does impaction technique affect a) bone strain generation and deterioration (and hence implant stability) and b) seating in different density bones?; and 2) can an impaction technique be recommended to minimize risk of implant loosening while ensuring seating of the acetabular component?
A custom drop tower was used to simulate surgical strikes seating acetabular components into synthetic bone. Strike velocity and drop mass were varied. Synthetic bone strain was measured using strain gauges and stability was assessed via push-out tests. Polar gap was measured using optical trackers.
A phenomenon of strain deterioration was identified if an excessive number of strikes was used to seat a component. This effect was most pronounced in low-density bone at high strike velocities. Polar gap was reduced with increasing strike mass and velocity.
A high mallet mass with low strike velocity resulted in satisfactory implant stability and polar gap, while minimizing the risk of losing stability due to over-striking. Extreme caution not to over-strike must be exercised when using high velocity strikes in low-density bone for any mallet mass.Cite this article
2020;9(7)386-393.
A high mallet mass with low strike velocity resulted in satisfactory implant stability and polar gap, while minimizing the risk of losing stability due to over-striking. Extreme caution not to over-strike must be exercised when using high velocity strikes in low-density bone for any mallet mass.Cite this article Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7)386-393.A balanced inflammatory response is important for successful fracture healing. The response of osteoporotic fracture healing is deranged and an altered inflammatory response can be one underlying cause. The objectives of this review were to compare the inflammatory responses between normal and osteoporotic fractures and to examine the potential effects on different healing outcomes. A systematic literature search was conducted with relevant keywords in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science independently. Original preclinical studies and clinical studies involving the investigation of inflammatory response in fracture healing in ovariectomized (OVX) animals or osteoporotic/elderly patients with available full text and written in English were included. In total, 14 articles were selected. Various inflammatory factors were reported; of those tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 are two commonly studied markers. Preclinical studies showed that OVX animals generally demonstrated higher systemic inflammatory response and poorer healing outcomes compared to normal controls (SHAM). However, it is inconclusive if the local inflammatory response is higher or lower in OVX animals. As for clinical studies, they mainly examine the temporal changes of the inflammatory stage or perform comparison between osteoporotic/fragility fracture patients and normal subjects without fracture. Our review of these studies emphasizes the lack of understanding that inflammation plays in the altered fracture healing response of osteoporotic/elderly patients. Taken together, it is clear that additional studies, preclinical and clinical, are required to dissect the regulatory role of inflammatory response in osteoporotic fracture healing. Cite this article Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7)368-385.
Variation in shape and size of many floral organs is related to pollinators. Evolution of such organs is driven by duplication and modification of MADS-box and MYB transcription factors. We applied a combination of micro-morphological (SEM and micro 3D-CT scanning) and molecular techniques (transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis) to understand the evolution and development of the callus, stelidia and mentum, three highly specialized floral structures of orchids involved in pollination. Early stage and mature tissues were collected from flowers of the bee-pollinated
and
, two species that differ in floral morphology
has a large callus but short stelidia and no mentum, whereas
has a small callus, but long stelidia and a pronounced mentum.
Our results show the stelidia develop from early primordial stages, whereas the callus and mentum develop later. In combination, the micro 3D-CT scan analysis and gene expression analyses show that the callus is of mixed petaloid-staminodial origin, the stelidia of spossible sepaloid-petaloid-staminodial origin of the orchid mentum.
We detected differential growth and expression of MADS box AP3/PI-like, AGL6-like and SEP-like, and MYB DIV-like gene copies in the callus, stelidia and mentum of two species of Phalaenopsis, of which these floral structures are very differently shaped and sized. Our study provides a first glimpse of the evolutionary developmental mechanisms driving adaptation of Phalaenopsis flowers to different pollinators by providing combined micro-morphological and molecular evidence for a possible sepaloid-petaloid-staminodial origin of the orchid mentum.Investigating plant structure is fundamental in botanical science and provides crucial knowledge for the theories of plant evolution, ecophysiology and for the biotechnological practices. Modern plant anatomy often targets the formation, localization and characterization of cellulosic, lignified or suberized cell walls. While classical methods developed in the 1960s are still popular, recent innovations in tissue preparation, fluorescence staining and microscopy equipment offer advantages to the traditional practices for investigation of the complex lignocellulosic walls. Our goal is to enhance the productivity and quality of microscopy work by focusing on quick and cost-effective preparation of thick sections or plant specimen surfaces and efficient use of direct fluorescent stains. We discuss popular histochemical microscopy techniques for visualization of cell walls, such as autofluorescence or staining with calcofluor, Congo red (CR), fluorol yellow (FY) and safranin, and provide detailed descriptions of our own approaches and protocols. Autofluorescence of lignin in combination with CR and FY staining can clearly differentiate between lignified, suberized and unlignified cell walls in root and stem tissues. Glycerol can serve as an effective clearing medium as well as the carrier of FY for staining of suberin and lipids allowing for observation of thick histological preparations. link3 Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of all cell types together with chemical information by wide-field fluorescence or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was achieved.
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDs) are well-known disorders in the West. but the recognition and diagnosis of these disorders is challenging in developing countries. We present the spectrum of PIDs seen at a tertiary care center in Pakistan, identified using clinical case definitions and molecular methods.
A retrospective chart review of children suspected to have PID was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi, Pakistan from 2010 to 2016. Data on demographics, clinical features, family history of consanguinity, sibling death, details of laboratory workup done for PID and molecular tests targeted panel next generation sequencing (NGS) or whole exome sequencing (WES) performed at the Geha laboratory at Boston Children's Hospital, USA was collected. The study was exempted from the Ethical Review Committee of AKUH.
A total of 43 children visited the hospital with suspected PID during the study period. Genetic testing was performed in 31/43 (72.1%) children. A confirmed diagnosis of PID was established in 20/43 (46.
